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2020 Vol. 30, No. 05
Published: 2020-10-10
1
Research on inclusions in powder metallurgy superalloy－a review
Hot!
QU Jing-long，ZHANG Xue-liang，YANG Shu-feng，GU Yu，TAO Yu
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20200197
The research progress on the issue of inclusions in powder metallurgy superalloy at home and abroad is summarized，including the source，classification，and evaluation of inclusions in powder metallurgy superalloy； the evolution of inclusion characteristics under different forming processes；the effect of inclusions on low cycle fatigue life of powder metallurgy superalloy；the technological measures to solve the problem of inclusions；the methods of life prediction considering inclusion factors，and the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation caused by inclusion.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 1-11 [
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12
Experimental study on ultrasound-assisted electrolysis of cobalt powder in aqueous solution
Hot!
KANG Hong-guang，LI Ji-dong，LIU Yong-hong，WANG Qian，WANG Yi-yong，LU Jin-lin
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190136
In this paper，the effects of different process parameters on the particle size and current efficiency of cobalt powder，and the best process parameters for the electrolytic preparation of cobalt powder were obtained by aqueous solution. The cobalt powder was prepared under the conditions of the active electrolysis area of cathodic was 6 cm
2
，pH＝4，ultrasonic power was 400 W，and scraping powder period was 5 min. The results show that when the electrolysis temperature is 64 ℃ and the current is 0.4 A，the current efficiency is the largest when the Co
2＋
concentration is 0.09 mol/L，which is 80.42%；the average particle size of the cobalt powder is the smallest when the Co
2＋
concentration is 0.08 mol/L，which is 21.66 μm. On this basis，the current efficiency and the average particle size of the cobalt powder are optimal when the Co
2 ＋
concentration is 0.09 mol/L，the maximum efficiency is 84.52%，which is a relative increase of 4.1%；and the average particle size of cobalt powder is optimally 17.21 μm，a relative reduction of 20.54% when adding 3% dispersant（C
12
H
25
NaO
4
S），the electrolysis temperature is 64 ℃ and the current is 0.4 A.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 12-15 [
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16
Effect of fluidized chemical vapor deposition temperature on formation process and properties of soft magnetic composite particles
Hot!
XIAN Chen，LIU Guo-zhao，KONG Hui，LIU Li，FANG Zhao，WU Zhao-yang
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190179
To find out the formation temperature of the core-shell structures by fluidized chemical vapor deposition， the thermodynamics of thermal decomposition of tetraethyl orthosilicate was analyzed in this paper. Then，the morphology，composition and properties of the samples were characterized by XRD，FTIR，SEM and VSM after the FeNi50 alloy particles were deposited under different temperature. The results show that the thermal decomposition temperature of ethyl orthosilicate is 612.70 ℃ during fluidized chemical vapor deposition process. The soft magnetic composite particles with FeNi50/SiO
2
core-shell structures are obtained above 630 ℃ ，the average thickness of SiO
2
insulation coating layers is 0.520 μm，with the increase of deposition temperature，the thickness of SiO
2
insulating layer also increases，the coercive force does not change dramatically，the saturation magnetic inductions of the FeNi50/SiO
2
composite powder decreases gradually. Compare to original FeNi50 alloy particles，the resistivity of the soft magnetic composite particles with FeNi50/SiO
2
core-shell structures increases two orders of magnitude.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 16-22 [
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23
Research on high precision manufacturing process of rotor to slippage pump based on powder metallurgy
Hot!
ZHANG Zhu，XIAO Ming-tao，WU Si-hao
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20200086
The inner and outer rotors of the charge pump were produced in large quantities by powder metallurgy. In order to obtain higher contact surface hardness，wear resistance and shape and position accuracy，to meet the needs of working conditions and extend the service life of the rotor，material was selected according to powder metallurgy standard. The composition and content of the rotor that affect the nitrocarburizing deformation were studied. After the rotor adopts amino atmosphere liquid phase sintering and tempering treatment，combined with hard turning，die cold extrusion，grinding and other auxiliary processes，a targeted superposition centerless grinding tool is designed，and the process is rationally arranged in accordance with the principle of positioning benchmarks. The improvement of the comprehensive mechanical performance and manufacturing precision of the slippage pump rotor provides a feasible method.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 23-28 [
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29
Study on preparation of porous ceramic material by oil-containing cuttings and it’s adsorption properties
Hot!
ZHANG Tai-liang，TANGWen-yi，ZHONG Ji-chao，YUAN Lei
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190212
In this paper，oil drilling cuttings were taken as main raw material，appropriate conditioner was added， and sintered to produce porous ceramic filter material. Under the condition of holding time of 60 min，and the content of coagulant is 5%，the pore-forming agent is 10%，the reinforcing agent is 12%，the sintering temperature is 1 050 ℃，the porosity of the porous ceramic material is 24.43% to 57.11%，and alkali resistance is 99.96%，the acid resistance is 92.22%. The color，corrosion and heavy metal content of the leaching solution all meet the national standards；with Cr（Ⅵ）as the adsorption object，preparing simulated wastewater containing Cr，and investigating the adsorption performance of porous ceramics as an adsorbent. Under the condition of absorbing time is 300 min，and the pH of the solution is 5，the addition amount of the ceramic material is 60 g/L，the initial concentration of Cr is 80 mg/L，the maximum adsorption efficiency of porous ceramics can be achieved. In this paper， the environmental friendly products were prepared and the waste resources were utilized.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 29-33 [
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34
Analysis on the performance of a tungsten-based high density alloy fastener
Hot!
LIN Bing-tao，ZHANG Jia-hua，LI Yuan，WANG Ling，SUN Xiao-xia，QIN Ying-nan
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20200143
93W-5Ni-2Fe tungsten alloy for fasteners was taken as the research object. The low mechanical properties of products in the process of product testing were analyzed and verified，providing reference for failure analysis and quality control of tungsten alloy fasteners. The results show that the high sintering temperature is the fundamental reason for the low properties of tungsten alloy. As a result，the tungsten particles grow abnormally，the microstructure is not uniform，the bonding layer becomes thicker and the tensile strength of the material decreases. The fracture of tungsten alloy is mainly caused by theW-W interface separation，which is a typical brittle fracture.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 34-37 [
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38
Evolution of γ′ phases of the fourth generation powder metallurgy superalloy FGH4102 during long-term aging
Hot!
HOU Qiong，TAO Yu，JIA Jian，ZHANG Guo-dong，QU Jing-long
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190050
The evolution behavior of γ′ phases during long-term aging at 750-850 ℃ in an advanced Ni-based powder metallurgy（PM）superalloy FGH4102 was investigated. The results show that the primary γ′ phase has good stability during long-term aging. The tertiary γ′ phase mainly exists in 750 ℃ and early stage in 800 ℃. After the precipitation reaches saturation，it basically conforms to Ostwald ripening theory with the extension of aging time. Then it gradually dissolves in the later stage. During aging at 700 ℃ and 850 ℃，anti-coarsening caused by splitting occurs in the secondary γ′ phase. Nevertheless the secondary γ′ phase grow continuously with time increasing at 850 ℃. In the later aging stage at 800 ℃ and 850 ℃ ，the secondary γ′ phases transform into cubic and align along the <100> direction. The influence of aging temperature and time on the hardness of the alloy is great. In the later aging stage，the change of hardness value is mainly dependent on the change of size of the secondary γ′ phase.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 38-44 [
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45
Effect of matrix strengthening elements on microstructure and properties of Cumatrix powder metallurgy friction materials
Hot!
WEN Guo-fu，HE Rui，WANG Xiu-fei，LI Guang-feng，YIN Cai-liu
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190076
To study the effects of different contents of Sn，Ni and Cr elements on the properties and microstructure of Cu-based powder metallurgy（PM）friction materials，four copper-based friction materials were fabricated via power metallurgy technology. The strength，hardness，friction and wear properties and microstructure of the prepared materials were tested respectively. The results show that alloying elements strengthen the matrix and improve the mechanical properties of the composites. Ni element significantly improves friction coefficient，however， causes the increase of wear rate. Adding 3% Sn，the wear-resisting properties of materials improve，and the wear of mating materials reduces.The wear mechanism of Ni and Cr elements reinforcing Cu-based material mainly is composed of the explaination and adhesive wear，the others are composed of the peel wear and abrasive wear.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 45-50 [
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51
Analysis of the ring for gathering magnetic field on working air gap magnetic field of bonded NdFeB magnet
Hot!
XU Hai，GUO Zhi-wei，XIAO Kai-ye，ZHENGWen
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190208
The existence of magnetic medium in the space around the magnet will change the distribution of magnetic field around the magnet，in this paper，the annular bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet is taken as the object of study. Through finite element analysis method，the paper analysis the influence of different Dimensions of annular medium on magnetic properties of annular bonded NdFeB magnet. By reasonably choosing the structure of the ring for gathering magnetic field，the magnetic field around the magnet can be concentrated at specific points，and the utilization ratio of magnetic properties of the magnet can be improved.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 51-54 [
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55
Study on fusion mechanism of 316L powder electron beam melting
Hot!
ZHANG Xiang-dong，MAWen-juan，MO Li-lin
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190222
The workpiece formed by electron beam melting powder do not need heat treatment ，only surface treatment was used. However，the diameter of the raw powder used in electron beam melting powder is larger than that in other melting powder forming methods，it is more difficult to eliminate pores inside the workpiece. This article describes the fusion mechanism of electron beam melting powder and the process of pore disappearance based on powder fusion theory and testing. In the research，the electron beam melting and forming process is divided into three stages and the electron beam input energy is limited by the internal porosity and the shrinkage rate of the particle fusion line. The results show that at the initial stage of fusion，the small-sized powder particles almost completely melted into the large particles after the discrete powder was preheated，and the particles were connected to be a polymerization neck. In the mid-stage of fusion，large-volume voids formed in the powder present columnar structures because of the surface tension of molten pool and they are connected with each other. At the end of fusion， due to material mass transfer by diffusion and surface tension，pores are gradually eliminated，and the density is close to the theoretical density. The result shows that it is feasible to limit the input energy of electron beam by controlling fusion line shrinkage and porosity. At the same time，the fusion control mechanism and practical test are put forward for directing different powder melting forming technology.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 55-59 [
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60
Study on surface coating and wear resistance of mechanical and hydraulic components
Hot!
CHEN Fang，LUO Ming-hui，CHEN Li-rong
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180174
Ni-based WC composite coatings were prepared on the surface of Q235 steel for mechanical hydraulic rods by plasma spraying and plasma spraying. The morphology，phase composition and wear resistance of the two coatings were compared and analyzed. The results show that the average size of WC particles on plasma spraying and plasma spraying coatings are 35 μm and 20 μm，respectively. The number of large WC particles on plasma spraying coatings decreases and there are fragmental secondary remelting phases at the same time. The plasma spraying and plasma spraying coatings mainly contain WC，W
2
C，Cr
7
C
3
，Cr
3
C
2
and Ni-Cr-Fe phases，but the plasma spraying coatings contain more secondary carbides besides（Cr，Ni，Fe）
3
C
2
and（Cr，Ni，Fe）
7
C
3
phases. The Rockwell hardness of plasma sprayed and sprayed coatings are 62HRC and 59HRC，respectively. At the same wear time，the wear loss of sprayed coatings is less important than that of sprayed coatings，the plasma sprayed Nibased WC composite coatings have better wear resistance.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 60-64 [
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65
Experimental study on tool wear during turning 42CrMo steel
Hot!
ZENG Xiang-lu，LIANG Jun-hua，HAN Jun-feng
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20200046
In this experiment，42CrMo steel was cutted under certain cutting conditions，and the wear morphology of the tool rake and tool flank surfaces during 1 035 s machining was studied. The results show that the brightness of the cutting area and the wear area of the tool rake face increase when the cumulative processing time T increases from 0 to 1 035 s. When the processing time T is at 1 035 s，the tool rake face wear is obvious，and there are dark wear area，high brightness part of tool coating material wear area and obvious abrasive wear area. When the processing time T increases from 0 to 435 s，obvious wear band appears on the tool flank face，and the wear band of coating material increases gradually. When the processing time T increases from 435 s to 1 035 s，the wear band increases slowly and the tool substrate material wear occurs. With the increase of wear time，the tool substrate material wear increases gradually. When the processing time T increases from 48 s to 1 035 s，the surface roughness Ra increases from 3.46 μm to 3.91 μm.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 65-68 [
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69
Effect of Au incorporation on tissue and gas sensitivity of WO
3
nanoparticles used for sensor
Hot!
ZUO Ming-xin，LI Yue-ying
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190034
WO
3
nanoparticles used for sensor were prepared by hydrothermal method，and the influence of Au content on the structure and gas sensitivity of WO
3
nanoparticles used for sensor was analyzed by XRD，SEM， EDS and other methods.The results show that the WO
3
nanoparticles doped with different Au content form the same diffraction peak. When the doping amount of Au increases，the intensity of the diffraction peak on the crystal plane first increases and then decreases.When Au content increases，grain size of WO
3
nanoparticles first increases and then decreases.The particle sizes of Au doping WO
3
nanoparticles are 2.5-5.0 μm，and the adjacent WO
3
nanoparticles contact with each other.The sensitivity of WO
3
nanoparticles with different Au content first increases and then decreases when the temperature rises，appropriate Au content could significantly improve the gas sensitivity of WO
3
nanoparticles.The sensitivity of Au doping WO
3
nanoparticles increases linearly with the gas concentration.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 69-72 [
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73
Laser deposition of WC-0.25Ti powder-enhanced 7056 aluminum alloy plate forming performance analysis
Hot!
GAN Shou-wu，CHEN Zhi-jun，LI Rui
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190052
The laser deposition method was used to characterize the microstructure and phase composition of the laminated parts under various technological parameters. The research results show that when the air flow rate increases， and the more sinking WC particles can be obtained，the WC forms a uniform distribution state. With the increasing of gas flow，the laser power decreases obviously. The specimen formed by the 30 L/min airflow gradually reduces the laser power from the first layer，which is more conducive to heat accumulation loss. At this time， WC particles account for 23.5% of the total area. The width increased significantly from the fourth layer，gradually forming a mushroom - like laminate. The Al，WC，Ti，TiC，Si，Al3Ti and other tissue facies exist in the sedimentary layer，but Al
4
C
3
brittle phase is not generated. The thickness increases from bottom to top and then the columnar dendrites become dendrites gradually. In the presence of WC and Ti，the columnar crystal growth process will be significantly inhibited and the grain size will decrease. As the height of the sediments increased，the dendrites grew in size，ranging from 100-180 μm.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 73-77 [
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78
The research status and development of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy
Hot!
ZHANG Lan，XIA Hui-min，MAHui-zhong，LI Na，CHENG De-sen
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190111
Aluminum alloy with small density，high specific strength properties received extensive attention and application.Composites prepared by powder metallurgy have some advantages：flexible alloy composition design， tiny and homogeneous microstructure. Compared with the composites prepared by ordinary smelting method，the composites with powder metallurgy have more excellent mechanical properties and were used more widely. This paper introduces the internal and overseas research status about powder metallurgy aluminum alloys，the process about the preparation and consolidation of powder and post-processing technology. Meanwhile the characteristics and effects of each process were analyzed，especially several kinds of forming technologies. Otherwise，On the basis of the powder metallurgy，the development of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy-graphene and the development trend of powder metallurgy is briefly introduced.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 78-83 [
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84
The current situation and innovation of plasma rotating electrode processing technology
Hot!
SUN Nian-guang，CHEN Bin-ke，XIANG Chang-shu，ZHU Ji-lei
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190133
The plasma rotating electrode processing（PREP）technology is a kind of high quality metal powder production process. This paper introduces the current situation and characteristics of PREP technology at home and abroad. The PREP technology innovation of medium and fine diameter titanium powder and high purity tantalum powder suitable for metal 3D printing process is described in detail.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 84-87 [
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88
Anode material and preparation method of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell
Hot!
LIU Kun，CHEN Xi，MAJun，DU Jin-guang，CAO Yang
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190228
To solve the problem of energy shortage，solid oxide fuel cell（SOFC），as a cheap，clean and efficient renewable energy，has attracted more and more attention. SOFC is composed of anode，electrolyte and cathode. Anode material is an important part of SOFC. It allows electrons to flow to cathode through external circuit to generate current，so it needs to have high conductivity. In this paper，the current anode materials are reviewed，and the anode materials are classified and compared according to the conductivity，electrode polarization resistance and structure. This will provide a basis for SOFC to select advanced and efficient anode materials. Besides，this paper also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis and preparation methods of anode materials， which will help researchers choose the most desirable synthesis method and optimize the performance of materials.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 88-92 [
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93
High-power IGBT heat sink substrate melting ultra-high heat isostatic pressing preparation technology
Hot!
XU Guang，FU Cai-an，QIAN Jing，GONG Hui-yu
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20190141
Aluminum SiC composites were widely used in high-power integrated circuit packaging materials due to their high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion rate. Based on the principle of pressure infiltration and hot isostatic pressing，a new process for preparing high-power IGBT aluminum silicon carbide heat-dissipating substrate was proposed. The innovation of this process are：（1）There is no need to prepare silicon carbide preforms， and direct filling of silicon carbide dry powder，the volume fraction of silicon carbide can be stabilized at 66%-68%；（2）The outer surfaces of the substrate are covered with aluminum metal，which can be mechanically and chemically plated or nickel processing；（3）Ultra-high heat isostatic pressing combined with vacuum die-casting process，the azeotropic pressure is about 100 MPa，which can make the aluminum liquid penetrate into the silicon carbide powder better，significantly reducing defects such as pores and bubbles，and therefore gains better performance. According to the test results，the thermal conductivity of the prepared heat dissipation substrate can be as high as 220 W/m·K and the thermal expansion coefficient is 6.5×10
－ 6
-7.5×10
－ 6
/K. The other indexes also meet the requirements.
2020 Vol. 30 (05): 93-96 [
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