Abstract：Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their high energy density, low self-discharge and excellent cycling performance, which promote the development of intelligent and green society. In this paper, the developing history and working mechanism of LIBs are introduced. The main properties and research progress of the cathode and anode materials classified by the lattice structure and lithium storage mechanism, respectively, are illustrated in detail. The functions of the liquid electrolytes, which are composed of lithium salts, additives and solvent, as well as solid-state electrolytes are also discussed. Subsequently, the practical application and safety issue of LIB are emphasized. At the end, the prospects of LIBs in the future are proposed. With the breakthrough of these key technologies and materials, lithium-ion batteries with better performance will definitely benefit mankind better.
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