Abstract:As one of the key components of railway and high-speed railway transportation, rail which performance and length of service can affect the timelines and capacity of the whole railway transportation is an important part of the track structure . Then affect the process of China's railway transportation construction . The wear mechanism and research status of wear-resistance rail steel were briefly described, and the corrosion mechanism of rail steel , the effect of alloy element, microstructure and processing technology on the corrosion resistance rail steel were briefly summarized, in order to provide a theoretical basis for future research.