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| Microstructure and properties of fine-grained pure Ti materials for golf heads |
| YANG Hong1.，ZHANG Haolin2.，ZHOU Zheng2. |
| （1.School of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China；2. Col‐
lege of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China） |
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Abstract The high-strength face of the golf head is very significant, and the high-performance ball head material
can ensure good control and forgiveness, higher hitting accuracy and longer hitting distance. In this paper, the finegrained pure Ti materials were fabricated by high-energy ball milling, cold compaction, vacuum sintering and hot
extrusion, and the microstructure and properties of as-unextruded and as-extruded fine-grained pure Ti were sys‐
tematically studied by scanning electron microscope（SEM）and tensile testing machine. The results show that the
spherical Ti powders are transformed into fine nano-crushed particles after high-energy ball milling for 5 hours,
and the average particle size is reduced from 25 μm to less than 5 μm and the dispersion is uniform. The microstruc‐
ture and grains of as-extruded fine-grained pure Ti are adequately refined and the micro-void defects in the grains
disappeare. In addition, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the as-extruded fine-grained pure Ti
are increased by about 16.1%, 19.7% and 16.3% compared with the as-unextruded. The fracture morphology shows
that compared with before extrusion, the number of fracture dimples of the as-extruded fine-grained pure Ti is
more, and the depth is small and uniform, and the distribution of tearing edges is more dense.
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Received: 10 August 2022
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2023, Vol. 33 
