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2018 Vol. 28, No. 06
Published: 2018-12-10
1
Recent development of powder metallurgy superalloys in Russia
ZHANG Yi-wen，
DOI: DOI：10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180131
The latest development of powder metallurgy （PM） superalloy in Кompozit and VIAM， incoluding alloy designing， new type alloy research and related process comparation were introduced. The mechanical properties of new type НГК-6 PM superalloy developed by Кompozit is superior to ЭП741НП PM superalloy. A new type PM superalloy developed by VIAM shows higher tensile strength at room temperature and endurance strength at 650 ℃ than ЭП741НП PM superalloy. Microstructure and mechanical properties of new type PM superalloy billet atomized by argon atomization （AA） and plasma rotating electrode process （PREP）， and plus hot isostatic pressing （HIP） and isothermal forging （ITF） were compared. The results show that the grain size of AA billet is finer than PREP billet， while mechanical properties of PREP billet is superior to AA billet. The deteriorations of AA billet mechanical properties， including tensile strength， endurance strength， impact toughness and hardness are ascribed to argon holes in AA powder particles.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 1-9 [
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Numerical simulation of the effect of initial relative density distribution on densification process of Ti6A14V powder during hot isostatic pressing
MA Lei，CHE Hong-yan，，CAO Rui，CHEN Jian-hong
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170061
To investigate the effect of initial relative density distribution on the densification behavior of titanium alloy powder during hot isostatic pressing （HIP）， the finite element software （MSC.Marc） was used to simulate HIP process of Ti6A14V metal powder. The rheological behavior of the powders under different relative density distributions was compared. Meanwhile， the densification mechanism at different stages and the effect of different initial relative density distributions on the final forming of compacts were investigated. The results indicate that the simulated degree of deformation in consideration of the initial relative density inhomogeneous distribution is consistent with the testing results. The maximum relative error for deformation is less than 1.2%. The numerical simulation can predict the HIP process， provide a guidance， and build a basis for optimal design of complex shape containers.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 10-14 [
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15
Preparation of helical carbon fibers using Ni-P powder as catalyst
REN Jiao，JIN Yong-zhong，CHEN Jian，HE Gang，PAN Yin-gui，GONG Yong
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170062
NiSO4·6H2O， NaH2PO2·H2O and nucleation inducer （NaBH4） were used as raw materials to prepare Ni-P powders by liquid phase reduction method. Helical carbon nano-fibers were synthesized by using graphite as a substrate and Ni-P nanopowder as a catalyst through chemical vapor deposition， where acetylene was the carbon source and nitrogen was the shielding gas. The products were characterized using SEM and SPM. The results show that Ni-P particles have the particle size of 100-300 nm， and the diameter of the prepared helical carbon fiber ranges from 0.2 μm to 0.4 μm， suggesting that the diameter of carbon fibers is associated with that of the catalyst. The morphology of helical carbon nanofibers is correlated with the synthesis temperature. When the synthesis temperature is 700 ℃， the helical carbon fibers exhibit a cylindrical shape and twin tightly. Its length is up to 3-6 μm. When the temperature is 750 ℃， the products is double helix spring form， and the length reaches 40-100 μm.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 15-18 [
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19
Influence of atomization atmosphere on morphology and particle size of spherical solder powder
PU You-fu，DUAN Xue-lin
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170055
The morphology and particle size of spherical solder powder have an important influence on solder paste products. The atomization atmosphere of spherical solder powder was experimentally studied. The morphology and particle size distribution of atomized solder powder in the atmosphere of air， helium， nitrogen， argon， nitrogen and helium mixed and nitrogen and argon mixed were compared. The results show that the oxygen content in the atomization atmosphere is the key factor affecting the sphericity， average particle size and particle size distribution of the powder. A comprehensive comparison shows that nitrogen is more suitable for centrifugal atomization production of spherical solder powder.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 19-22 [
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23
Research on morphology instability of γ’ precipitates in FGH4096 superalloy
TIAN Gao-feng，CHEN Yang，ZOU Jin-wen，HU Ben-fu
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180126
Two kinds of γ’ morphology instability during heat treatment process in powder metallurgy nickel-base superalloy FGH4096 were investigated， the instability mechanism and occurrence mode were revealed. The results indicate that the splitting driving force of γ’ precipitates as the reverse coarsening is the release of elastic strain energy， strongly depends on the lattice mismatch and the size of γ’ precipitates， when γ’ particle grows up to a certain size， it needs dissolve itself in order to keep the system energy stable through the release of the elastic strain energy. The unstable protrusion of γ’ precipitates is another morphology instability of γ’ precipitates， which is interfacial instability caused by point diffusion effect when the condition of enough supersaturation in the g matrix is met， determined by concentration gradient effect and surface tension effect.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 23-27 [
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28
Finite element simulation of deformation in forming process of st52-3G iron-based plate
LI Xiu-min，HAO Zhi-qin，QI Cui-fen，SHI Yong-liang，YANG Xiao-cai，CHEN Cun-guang
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180015
The cold bending process of st52-3G iron-based sheet metal is a complicated deformation process， which depends heavily on pass design， and defects appear when the pass is slightly inappropriate. Finite element method was used to simulate the cold bending process of st52-3G iron-based sheet at different angles. The stress variation law and deformation distribution of metal in deformation zone were analyzed. Results show that in the direction of thickness， the inner metal of neutral layer is compressed， and the lateral metal is stretched， which is the source of non-uniform deformation of the longitudinal direction， and also the cause of the defective plate. When the bending angle is more than[25°]， non-uniform deformation begins to increase rapidly. The non-uniformity of deformation increases rapidly with the bending angle in 26-29[(°)]， but the defective plate does not appear. When thebending angle is [30°]， uneven deformation is extremely serious， and defective plate appears. The cold bending angle can be appropriately increased， but too large angle leads to flatness defect. The suitable angle for cold bending is 25-29[(°)].
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 28-33 [
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34
Preparation and photocatalytic properties of Ag nanoparticles doped TiO2
CEN Shi-hong，，Lü Xiao-gai，XU Bei-bei，，XU Ying，
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180096
Using tetraethyl titanate as titanium source and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as reactant， aminated nano-TiO2 was prepared by uniform hydrolysis-thermal decomposition method， then Ag/TiO2 was prepared by doping Ag nanoparticles， and its photocatalytic performance was studied. The results show that Ag-doped nano-TiO2 has better photocatalytic reaction with printing and dyeing waste water than non-doped TiO2， and the photocatalytic degradation rate of calcined Ag/TiO2 is higher. The Ag/TiO2 doped with 3% Ag（mass percent） has the best photocatalytic effect. The after-doping Ag means that Ag is actually coated on the surface of nano-TiO2， which saves more raw materials than Ag/ TiO2 prepared by mixing.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 34-37 [
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38
Effect of pH value on the preparation of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 by sol-gel self-propagating combustion method
LI Wei-wei
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170081
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2， the eligible ternary cathode materials of lithium ion batteries， were synthesized by sol-gel self propagating combustion method using waste NiCoMn ternary material as raw material. The composite was characterized by TG， XRD， SEM and land testing. The results indicate that the material not only has a good layered structure， but also has porous properties. The discharge capacity of the product synthesized at pH＝8 is 164.6 （mA·h）/g in 2.75-4.30 V at 0.2 C， the coulomb efficiency is about 85.8%， and the capacity retention rate is about 94.9% after 30 cycles. This material is an excellent ternary cathode material with high discharge specific capacity.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 38-41 [
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42
Impact of nano-particles with high-melting point on magnetic properties and microstructures of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnet
ZHENG Xiao-fen，，CHEN Ren-jie，LEI Fang，LI Dong，YAN A-ru
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170064
Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets were prepared by hot deformation process. Nano-particles with high melting point， such as WC， BN and ZrO2 were mixed with the Nd-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons before hot pressing process. The effects of different additions on the magnetic properties and microstructures of the hot-deformed magnets were investigated. The results show that the variation in the remanence is not obvious after adding micro additions. Oxide?nano-particles significantly decrease the coercivity of the hot-deformed magnets， while coercivity of the magnets with carbide addition is enhanced. The optimum magnetic properties are obtained at hot-deformed magnet with WC addition. The remanence thermal stability of the magnet is improved， while the coercivity temperature coefficient is hardly affected after adding WC particles. The reversible magnetization of the magnet shows no obvious peak value after adding WC nanoparticles， indicating that the addition of WC nanoparticles inhibits the growth of coarse crystal regions in the hot-deformed magnet and makes the microstructure of the magnet more uniform. At the same time， a new Fe2W phase forms at the WC-aggregated region.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 42-46 [
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47
Study on influencing factors of infiltration and sintering process of clean fuel engine valve seat
XIAO Zi-sheng，LUO Cheng，HUA Jian-jie，ZHANG Zhi，XU Sheng-liang，TAO Shi-yu
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170057
The powder metallurgy valve seat of clean fuel engine was prepared by the combination of alloy powder and vacuum infiltration sintering. The effects of different copper content and infiltration sintering temperature on the microstructure， density， hardness and crushing strength of the valve seat were studied. The results show that the high alloy valve seat material has poor compressibility and uneven density distribution under unidirectional pressing. With the increase of copper content， the hardness difference between the upper and lower parts of the valve seat is reduced， the density and crushing strength are obviously improved， and the valve seat has better performance when the copper content is 20% （mass percent）. With the increase of the infiltration sintering temperature， the density of the valve seat is almost unchanged， while the hardness and crushing strength increase firstly and then decrease， the best infiltration sintering temperature is 1 165 ℃. The valve seat material with 20% copper infiltration and 1 165 ℃ infiltration sintering for 40 min has the best performance， which has density of 8.14 g/cm3， upper hardness of 31.25 HRC， lower hardness of 30.48 HRC and crushing strength of 1 244.17 MPa.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 47-51 [
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52
Study on plasma infiltration of elemental Zr into 0Cr19Ni9N stainless steel and its friction and wear properties
HUANG Min
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180007
A modified zirconium-containing layer was prepared on the surface of 0Cr19Ni9N stainless steel by double glow plasma alloying technique using 705 zirconium plate as source material. The microstructure and hardness of zirconium infiltrated layer were analyzed， and the friction and wear properties of zirconium infiltrated sample were tested under dry friction test conditions. The results show that a compact and uniform zirconium-containing modified layer forms on the surface of 0Cr19Ni9N stainless steel after plasma alloying. The modified layer protects the matrix steel， improves the matrix strength and its friction and wear properties.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 52-55 [
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56
Analysis of wear resistance and corrosion resistance of hard materials prepared by hot isostatic pressing
ZHENG Bing-kun，，CHE Hong-yan，
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180021
The wear-proof layer of hard materials is an important component of the nuclear motor spindle. It has high requirements for material properties in wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Cobalt-based alloy Co-1， Co-2 （increased tungsten content） and nickel-based alloy Ni-1 were prepared by hot isostatic pressing process. The performance of the material was analyzed by disc-to-disc friction test and electrochemical corrosion test. The results show that the Co-based alloy Co-2 has a friction factor of 0.08 and a pitting potential of 0.55 V， which is more suitable as a wear-resistant layer material.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 56-61 [
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Application and prospect of powder metallurgy in automobile
GAO Yang， XU Yue-feng， TIAN Jie-ping
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170066
Powder metallurgy materials are successfully applied for industrialized automobile parts， which broaden their application channels and reduce vehicle cost. The powder metallurgy materials， manufacturing processes and testing items were introduced， the performance requirements of powder metallurgy materials made for automobile parts were described， and some typical application examples were listed. For example， the MA manual transmission gear prepared by F50-N2U2-68 has a density of 6.8 g/cm3 and a hardness of 139 HV5. The key technology is that the gear ring is laser welded to the steel gear seat and then subjected to carbonitriding quenching. After heat treatment， the hardness is （390±70） HV5 and the crushing force is up to 10 780 N， meeting the requirement of a minimum breaking moment of 3 000 N·m， achieving a technical cost reduction of more than 4 million RMB per year. The exhaust valve seat of the engine prepared by the double-layer powder metallurgy material and copper melt leaching process has a porosity of 10%-15% and wear loss of less than 5 μm after 500 h durability test， which can save the cost of 20 RMB per car by replacing the original expensive high alloy elements （including Cr， Mo， W， V， Co， etc.）.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 62-68 [
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Application prospect of 3D printing in mould manufacturing
FAN Xing-ping
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180086
The emergence of 3D printing technology has brought new ideas to complex mould manufacturing. The development status of 3D printing technology used in mould manufacturing at home and abroad was reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of selective bonding technigue， selective solidification technology and selective deposition technology in mould manufacturing were introduced. It was pointed out that the selective bonding technique is the main method to manufacture moulds by 3D printing technology at present. Finally， the development prospect and trend of 3D printing technology in mould manufacturing were prospected.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 69-73 [
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Composition design overview of Cu-based powder metallurgy friction material
LIU Jian-xiu，ZHANG Chi，FAN Jiang-lei，LI Yu-wen，SONG Yang，JIA De-jin
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20170056
Copper-based powder metallurgy friction material has become an important device for safe braking of high-speed trains due to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The effects of alloy composition， friction component and lubrication component ratio on friction properties of copper-based powder metallurgy friction materials were summarized. The existing problems in preparation were pointed out， and the development direction of copper-based powder metallurgy friction materials was also prospected.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 74-81 [
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Study?on?the?preparation?of?porous?adsorption?material by?drilling?cuttings
FAN Si-si，XU Tong-tao
DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-6543.20180048
A large amount of drilling cuttings are produced in petroleum exploitation， which can be used to prepare porous adsorption materials to effectively solve their disposal problems. The porous adsorption material was prepared from drill cuttings by roasting， and the optimum preparation conditions and adsorption conditions were studied. The results show that the optimum preparation conditions for the adsorption material are as follows： drill cuttings size of 150 μm， food grade starch as pore-forming agent with mass percent of 12%， roasting temperature of 760 ℃， roasting time of 2.0 h. The optimal adsorption conditions are as follows： concentration of original contaminated solution of 10 mg/L， dosage of adsorbent with 0.20 g， adsorption time of 12 h， pH value greater than 10， temperature of 40 ℃， under which the removal rate of methylene blue by adsorbent reaches 98.9%.
2018 Vol. 28 (06): 82-84 [
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