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20 August 2025, Volume 32 Issue 4
    

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    EXPERT FORUM
  • SHAN Bin, XIAN Ziqi, WEN Yanwei, CHEN Rong
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20250130
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    As semiconductor manufacturing progresses toward the atomic scale, nanodevices increasingly demand diverse materials and ultra-precise deposition control. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and Atomic Layer Etching (ALE), as essential atomic-scale fabrication techniques, face growing challenges in optimizing high-dimensional and complex process parameters. Traditional simulations and experimental methods often fall short in modeling intricate reactions or supporting high-throughput optimization, highlighting the need for integrated innovations across computational materials science, data science, and artificial intelligence. This work reviews recent advances in applying machine learning to key tasks in atomic manufacturing, including precursor selection, reaction pathway prediction, process parameter modeling, control optimization, molecular dynamics simulations, and data structuring. Machine learning has shown great promise in boosting modeling efficiency, improving predictive accuracy, and enabling adaptive process control. However, challenges remain, such as limited generalization across systems and reduced prediction accuracy under sparse data. Looking forward, combining machine learning with physical constraints, multiscale modeling, and semantic data frameworks may pave the way for a transition from offline prediction to intelligent closed-loop control in next-generation atomic manufacturing.
  • RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
  • MENG Ruiyang, ZHANG Zhiheng, JIN Jiaying, YAN Mi
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 15-21. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240238
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    As the characteristic grain boundary phase of the “Ga-rich/B-poor” Nd-Fe-B sintered permanent magnets, the tetragonal RE6(Fe,Ga)14 intergranular phase enhances the coercivity via enhanced decoupling capability to isolate the adjacent RE2Fe14B matrix phase, hence attracting widespread research attention. However, the influence of RE6(Fe,Ga)14 phase on the corrosion resistance still remains unexplored. In this work, two Nd-Dy-Fe-Ga-B sintered magnets dominated by different intergranular phases were prepared and compared by adjusting the Ga and B contents. Compared to the magnet with w(Ga)=0.1% and w(B)=1% dominated by the conventional RE-rich intergranular phase, a substantial amount of RE6(Fe,Ga)14 intergranular phase was introduced in the annealed magnet with w(Ga)=0.5% and w(B)=0.9%, yielding higher coercivity and corrosion resistance. In-situ corrosion experiments further confirmed that the RE6(Fe,Ga)14 intergranular phase effectively mitigates the corrosion process, offering a promising pathway for simultaneously improved magnetic and anti-corrosion performance of RE-Fe-B sintered magnets.
  • LUO Lin, ZHANG Yunchuan, WANG Ya, LUO Xianfu, MA Yilong, BAO Jinsheng, ZHOU Xiaoqing
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 22-31. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240231
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    NdFeB ultrafine particles were prepared by hydrogen-dismutation-dehydrogenation-recombination method by using NaCl solid particles and surfactant assisted high-energy ball grinding. The effects of oleic acid content, milling time and NaCl on crystal structure, magnetic properties and microstructure of NdFeB were investigated. The results showed that appropriate oleic acid addition could help to form nano-scale flake particles after high-energy ball milling, and had good c-axis orientation. After the addition of NaCl, the particle size and thickness of the powder were 0.24 μm and 13.98 nm after ball milling for 6 h with 30% oleic acid content, coercivity Hc=2.48 kOe and high orientation Mr/Ms=0.841. The results show that NaCl synergies indicate that high energy ball milling of active agents can help to prepare ultrafine NdFeB particles with ultra-thin thickness and high orientation.
  • TANG Kejian, ZHENG Xiaodong, LIU Yongchao, WANG Yang, XIANG Hongfa
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 32-41. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240194
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    Phase change material (PCM) cooling has application advantages in terms of structural complexity and cooling efficiency, with other cooling methods to compensate for their thermal saturation and other problems. On the basis of analyzing the thermal problems of lithium-ion batteries and the thermal storage mechanism of PCM, and focuses on the research progress of PCM cooling and hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) with PCM coupled with air cooling, liquid cooling, and heat pipe cooling. Metallic materials play a key role in this, such as metallic PCM themselves have better thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity than organic and inorganic PCM, and have good potential for application in PCM, as well as being more widely used in organic PCM and heat pipe cooling substrates. It is undeniable that hybrid BTMS combining multiple cooling technologies is more favorable for practical application.
  • WANG Yulei, WU Zhongwang, LÜ Ke, GAO Shuo, DONG Rui, ZHANG Huimin
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240205
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    The Nd-Fe-B SC acts as a precursor for NdFeB permanent magnets, and its microstructure plays a significant role in influencing the magnetic properties of the final magnet. This study utilized SEM, EDS, XRD, and HELOS to characterize the microstructure of the Nd-Fe-B SC. A relationship between the thickness of the Nd-Fe-B SC and its microstructural characteristics was established. The magnetic properties of the magnetic powder were assessed using a VSM. The findings indicate that none of the Nd-Fe-B SC, regardless of their thickness, contained the α-Fe phase. As the thickness of the castings increased, the width of the columnar crystals also grew. Secondary dendrites appeared when the casting thickness reached 0.30 mm or more. For the 0.30 mm thick casting, the orientation of the main phase near the roller surface was found to be optimal, with an I(006)/I(105) ratio of 20.67. Compa-risons of performance showed that, as the thickness increased, coercivity decreased monotonically, while saturation magnetisation first increased and then decreased. The magnetic powder in the 0.30 mm thick casting exhibited the highest saturation magnetisation.
  • ZHANG Mengyu, LI Jun, WU Zhongwang, ZHANG Huimin, ZHAO Yu, GUO Huan
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240204
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    Using low-temperature Hi-B cold-rolled sheets with a thickness of 0.23 mm as raw materials, after decarburization annealing, the subsequent process was carried out by the post-inhibitor method with NH3 as the nitriding gas. The effects of different nitriding temperatures on the microstructure and precipitates of the decarburized and nitrided Hi-B steel sheets were studied by means of optical microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results show that under the nitriding conditions of 750 and 800 ℃, the average grain size of the microstructure remains basically unchanged compared with that of the decarburized sheet. However, after nitriding at 850 ℃, the average grain size increases from 23.09 to 26.19 μm. After nitriding treatment at 750 and 800 ℃, the precipitate type is amorphous Si3N4. But when the nitriding temperature rises to 850 ℃, microcrystalline regions appear in the amorphous Si3N4 precipitates.
  • WANG Gang, LI Zhichao, MEN Junlei, CHEN Tong, LIU Honglei, CHANG Zhiqian, WANG Ye
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 57-66. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240230
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    Thick specification (thickness not less than 2.0 mm) hot-dip galvanized products without patterns are widely used in industries such as animal husbandry, photovoltaic brackets, corrugated pipes, and steel plate warehouses due to their high strength and good corrosion resistance. Galvanized sheet has strict surface quality requirements in the industry due to its high requirements for aesthetics and high corrosion resistance when used exposed. However, the surface of thick specification hot-based patternless galvanized sheet is prone to zinc flow lines and pitting leakage defects, which affect the aesthetic and corrosion resistance of the product. In order to improve the surface quality of thick specification hot-based patternless galvanized sheet and increase user satisfaction, an optimization plan is proposed based on the production experience of the pickling and galvanizing combined unit. Taking zinc flow pattern and pitting leakage plating as research objects, the macroscopic morphology of zinc flow pattern and leakage plating was characterized using SEM and metallographic microscope. By briefly describing the fluctuation of the shape of the raw material hot-rolled substrate, the operation status of the three rollers, the surface roughness of the hot-rolled raw material, the presence of difficult to reduce oxides or inclusions in the original plating plate after acid washing, and the factors affecting the occurrence of zinc flow pattern and pitting leakage plating defects, combined with production experience, the "double leveling" process was proposed to improve the uniformity of plate shape and surface roughness, optimize equipment stability management, zinc liquid temperature control, and effectively reducing the defect rate.
  • QIN Jianfeng, DENG Zhigang, AN Jing, XU Lihong, GUO Shihai, MU Xing
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 67-78. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240220
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    The development trend of high frequency, miniaturization and low power consumption of inductor components has put forward higher requirements for the application characteristics of soft magnetic composite materials at high frequencies. As an effective means to reduce eddy current losses at high frequencies, the development of insulation coating technology has received widespread attention. Insulation coating technology is a key link in the preparation process of soft magnetic composite materials. By insulating and coating soft magnetic metal powders, eddy current losses can be effectively reduced. This article reviews the research status and characteristics of organic coating, inorganic coating, and inorganic-organic composite coating processes from the perspective of coating technology for soft magnetic metal composites, and discusses out the challenges and possible development directions currently faced in the field of insulation coating.
  • CHEN Zihao, WU Xiying, DUAN Qiuyu, CHEN Yixiong, SHI Yan, ZHANG Guangji
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 79-86. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240227
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    The Ni-B amorphous alloy combines the unique properties of amorphous alloys with the high catalytic activity, cost-effectiveness, and easy availability of nickel metal, playing an important role in the field of catalysis. This article will take the Ni-B amorphous alloy as the main object, systematically analyzing and reviewing the structure, electron transfer mechanism, oxidation mechanism, and factors affecting the catalytic effect from multiple dimensions.
  • CUI Jin, YU Yuanbo
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240224
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    In order to ensure the safety of the viaduct in the state of strong vibration, it is necessary to set up a wire rope shock absorber in the viaduct to improve the frequency response characteristics of the shock absorption system. The wire shock absorber designed is mainly in the centripetal form, and the position of the wire rope through the screw is locked to reduce the deformation amplitude of the wire rope. The optimization process of the frequency response characteristics of the shock absorber under the action of excitation was analyzed. The nonlinear function of the frequency response characteristics of the damping system is reduced by using the numerical iterative method. The experiments show that the minimum peak value of frequency response amplitude is only 0.3 m when m1=0.09 kg and m2=0.49 kg. When c1=0.69 N·s/m and c2=1.49 N·s/m, the minimum peak value of frequency response amplitude was 0.23 and 0.17 m, respectively. When k1=4.9 N/m and k2=99.9 N/m, the minimum peak value of frequency response amplitude was 0.30 m. When zs=0.29 N, the minimum peak value of frequency response amplitude is 0.33 m. When this is used as a parameter of mass, damping, stiffness and hysteresis, the frequency response characteristics in the vibration reduction system are the least obvious, which helps to reduce the frequency response characteristics in the vibration optimization system.
  • HUANG Zhende, PENG Di
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 95-102. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20250061
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    The Ti-doped LiNi0.5TixMn1.5-xO4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) cathode materials are synthesized by a Self-polymerization method. The effects of different Ti doping contents on the structure, crystal morphology, and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are investigated. The materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrochemical tests. The results show that when the Ti doping level is x = 0.03, LiNi0.5Ti0.03Mn1.47O4 exhibits high crystallographic purity, with truncated octahedral morphology, uniform particle size, appropriate Mn3+ content, and a highly disordered FD3m space group. The initial discharge capacities at 0.5 C and 10 C are 134 and 96.5 mAh/g, respectively. After 200 cycles at room temperature under 0.5 C, the discharge capacity is 125 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 93.3%. The rate capability and cycle stability are significantly improved compared to the original LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.
  • JIN Guo, GUO Ding, YAN Qi
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 103-111. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20250001
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    The solvent toxicity and residual metal halides are the main factors restricting the application of the two-step preparation technology for perovskite thin films. By using green solvents to dissolve metal halides and adjusting the traditional two-step preparation procedure of perovskite thin films, the effects of preparation technological optimization on the properties of perovskite thin films were studied. The results shows that the green composite solvents can replace traditional toxic solvents for the preparation of perovskite films, and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells based on the optimized two-step method reaches 15.92%.
  • WU Qian, WANG Ke, WANG Zhenni, QIN Niuniu, XIE Yanxiang
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 112-121. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20250040
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    In order to improve the surface wearing resistance of corrosion-wearing-prone parts (such as plunger rods and combination valves) of oil production and water injection, in this study, a Ni-Cr-Mn-Ta-Si alloy-powder coating was processed on the surfaces of the plunger rods and combination valves using the laser fusion cladding technology. Then, the surfaces of the valves were analyzed by the X-Ray diffraction physical phase analysis, microscopic morphology analysis, microhardness test, friction and wear performance evaluation, and abrasion analysis. The test results showed that the fusion cladding was mainly composed of Fe-Cr compounds. The diffraction peak counts of the Fe-Cr compounds separately reached 4 684.87 and 4 621.80 cts for the plunger rod and the combination valve, with the crystal plane spacings of 2.03 and 2.04 Å. And the relative strengths of were both 100%. The dendritic, planar and cellular organizations were observed both in the plunger rod and the combined valves, while the heat affected zone showed fine martensite organization. The hardness of the fusion cladding layer of the plunger rod exceeded 500 HV, while the hardness of the combined valves was about 300 HV, which was significantly higher than the hardness of the substrate. The friction coefficient of the sample 1 of plunger rod remained stable above 0.8, while the coefficient of the sample 2 decreased slightly after rapidly reaching the value of 0.85. The F1 and F2 samples of the combination valves showed better wearing resistance, with friction coefficients of 0.6-0.8, while the friction coefficients of the F3 and F4 samples exceeded 1.0, which was poorer in terms of wearing resistance. The abrasion analysis further endorsed the ploughing and adhesive wearing characteristics of the coatings. Therefore, the Ni-Cr-Mn-Mo-Si alloy-powder coating pressed by the laser fusion technollgy could significantly improve the nano-hardness and wearing resistance of the corrosion-prone and wear-prone parts for oil production and water injection.
  • APPLICATION RESEARCH
  • WU Zhongwen, ZHOU Linjun, ZHOU Wenhao, GAO Qing, WANG Lanlan, ZHANG Pengcheng, YU Xinpan, WU Huibin
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 122-129. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240223
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    The surface morphology and sectional morphology after corrosion were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the composition of corrosion products was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the corrosion resistance of experimental steel was compared by electrochemical workstation, and the effect of welding materials on the corrosion behavior of X65 steel welded joints was systematically studied. It was found that X65 steel, which contains more Cr elements in the welding material, has better corrosion resistance, which is attributed to the fact that Cr exists on the surface of the matrix with Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 compounds, which plays a protective role in the matrix. It provides theoretical support and technical guidance for the safe operation of X65 pipeline steel for supercritical carbon dioxide transportation.
  • ZHANG Youliang, ZHANG Xin, WANG Qiyan, LI Ruiyu, WANG Chunguang
    Metallic Functional Materials. 2025, 32(4): 130-134. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1005-8192.20240215
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    In the pretreatment process of sintered NdFeB permanent magnetic materials, using the electrolytic ash removal process can obtain coatings with more excellent performance. Experimental results show that the parameter control of the electrolytic ash removal process is the key for NdFeB permanent magnetic materials to achieve good coatings. The selected electrolytic ash remover is of strong alkaline ratio, which effectively avoids the corrosion of the material substrate. Meanwhile, the effects of the concentration and temperature of the electrolytic ash remover, as well as the anodic current density on the coating adhesion, were studied. The optimal electrolytic ash removal process conditions were determined through orthogonal experiments. The ultrasonic ash removal process was compared synchronously, further confirming the superiority of the electrolytic ash removal process in terms of coating adhesion, corrosion resistance, and influence on material properties.