High entropy superalloy (HESA), as a research hotspot in the field of metal structural materials, has attracted wide attention due to its potential application value in extreme environments. The composition characteristics and microstructure design of high entropy superalloy are systematically described. In terms of element composition, the high entropy system is constructed by using the ratio of multiple components with equal or near equal atomic ratio. In terms of structure, the performance of face-centered cubic solid solution is optimized through the synergistic interaction between the matrix and the ordered precipitated phase. Studies have shown that HESA can maintain excellent strong plastic matching over a wide temperature range (room temperature -1 200 ℃), and its mechanical stability is due to the synergistic effect of multi-scale strengthening mechanisms, including lattice distortion strengthening caused by solid solution atoms, second phase strengthening caused by nanoscale ordered precipitates, and grain boundary strengthening achieved by grain boundary engineering. Finally, the research and application prospects of high entropy superalloys are prospected.

Metal nitrogen hydride hydrogen storage materials, represented by Li-Mg-N-H, is recognized as one of the most potential solid-state materials for hydrogen storage due to its excellent hydrogen storage capacity, good reversibility of hydrogen absorption/desorption reaction, and ideal thermodynamic properties. However, the core challenges faced by this system are the complexity of its hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions and the high kinetic barriers. In this paper, the main composition and hydrogen storage performance of the system, performance optimization methods including chemical composition adjustment, nanostructure design, catalytic modification and practical applications of the system were systematically reviewed. The catalytic modification focused on the effect and mechanism of alkali metal based compounds, metal borohydride, transition metals and their compounds, rare earth compounds, carbon materials as catalysts. Finally, the key research directions of the system for practical applications are discussed.

Refining grain size can effectively enhance the coercivity of bulk sintered NdFeB permanent magnets while ensuring high uniformity in magnetic properties. Key steps for grain refinement in sintered NdFeB magnets and current industrial equipment status had been described. During rapid solidification, high cooling rates effectively suppress α-Fe phase formation and reduce fragmentation difficulty. For cerium-rich magnets, trace additions of co-associated rare earth elements like La and Y help decrease the growth width of rapidly solidified flakes. Quantification of liquid volume per unit time during production proves crucial for structural consistency in rapid-solidified products. In powder preparation, regulation and adaptive control of hydrogen decrepitation process achieve preliminary powder refinement. Different jet mill configurations exhibit distinct characteristics, with fluidized bed jet mills being the most prevalent equipment, where airflow velocity at nozzle intersections in grinding chambers determines powder refinement efficiency. Regarding sintering, beyond conventional processes, spark plasma sintering emerges as an effective approach for achieving densification and suppressing abnormal grain growth. For powders with particle sizes below 2 μm, pressureless forming technology successfully resolves the forming challenges inherent to ultrafine powders.

The strength of Q690DR steel decreases with the increase of tempering temperature, and the -40 ℃ impact toughness increases with the decrease of quenching temperature, and the increase of tempering temperature between 640-680 ℃. Controlling the heat treatment condition, it can ensure the steel meets engineering application requirements for new high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels. Through the slow strain rate tensile test with electrochemical dynamic hydrogen charging, the elongation rate of Q690DR was reduced by 3%, and the area shrinkage was reduced by 14.1%, compared with the tensile test results under air condition. It showed that Q690DR has a low susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement under such condition. The hydrogen desorption curves of Q690DR under different heating rates, placement times, and hydrogen charging current densities were tested through thermal desorption sepctrometry TDS. The low-temperature hydrogen desorption activation energy of Q690DR was calculated to be Ea=13.39 kJ/mol, and the high-temperature hydrogen desorption activation energy of Q690DR was calculated to be Eb=117.51 kJ/mol. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient of Q690DR is 9.85×10^-7 cm²/s. After hydrogen charging, the diffusible hydrogen in the matrix can escape completely after being holding for more than 12 hours. The hydrogen content charged in the Q690DR matrix increases with the increase of hydrogen charging current density. In addition, with the help of atomic force microscope AFM, we observed the enrichment behavior of hydrogen in the grain boundaries and the second phase after hydrogen charging. Based on the changes in potential difference, we can judge that the grain boundaries are shallow hydrogen traps and the second phase is deep hydrogen traps.

With the acceleration of global energy transition, hydrogen energy has received widespread attention due to its high energy density and clean characteristics. Among hydrogen storage technologies, solid-state hydrogen storage is considered the most promising approach because of its high safety and large volumetric energy density. However, solid-state hydrogen storage materials face a dilemma between achieving high hydrogen density and maintaining suitable operating temperatures, a trade-off that severely limits their practical applications. In recent years, data-driven technologies have shown significant potential in material design, performance prediction, and catalyst optimization, providing new avenues for the development of novel hydrogen storage materials. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of data-driven technologies in the field of solid-state hydrogen storage, focusing on three key aspects: First, the construction and application of high-quality databases to provide reliable support for model training; second, forward and inverse design of alloys based on machine learning, achieving efficient prediction and optimization of material properties; and third, the use of multi-agent platforms such as Cat-Advisor for intelligent screening and optimization of magnesium-based dehydrogenation catalysts through multimodal processing of literature information. The article also discusses challenges such as inadequate characterization of catalyst microstructures, limited inverse design capabilities, and difficulties in extracting high-quality data from multiple sources. It envisions the prospects of advancing solid-state hydrogen storage material research and development towards systematization and intelligence through the integration of AI, multimodal intelligent agents, and improvements in database quality.

With the rapid progress of China′s power electronics and new energy industries, the demand for efficient, multi-purpose and environmentally friendly soft magnetic alloys is also gradually increasing. Existing research situation on the performance regulation of silicon steel is discussed. Based on the characteristics of the soft magnetic material, we points out the core performance index of iron loss, and points out the necessity of improving the resistivity of the material through composition regulation and other means, so as to achieve the maximum energy efficiency. Secondly, the influence of alloy composition, inclusion, defect, grain size, residual stress and crystal structure on the performance of silicon steel is discussed. In addition, we points out that with the progress of material science and nanotechnology, the research on the relationship between microstructure and performance of silicon steel will be more in-depth, and people will be able to more precisely regulate silicon steel in order to achieve better magnetic performance.

The development trend of high frequency, miniaturization and low power consumption of inductor components has put forward higher requirements for the application characteristics of soft magnetic composite materials at high frequencies. As an effective means to reduce eddy current losses at high frequencies, the development of insulation coating technology has received widespread attention. Insulation coating technology is a key link in the preparation process of soft magnetic composite materials. By insulating and coating soft magnetic metal powders, eddy current losses can be effectively reduced. This article reviews the research status and characteristics of organic coating, inorganic coating, and inorganic-organic composite coating processes from the perspective of coating technology for soft magnetic metal composites, and discusses out the challenges and possible development directions currently faced in the field of insulation coating.

High purity dysprosium and terbium metals serve as the fundamental raw materials in various fields, including permanent magnet materials, magnetostrictive materials, magneto-optical storage materials, magnetic refrigeration materials and electric light source materials. The calcium thermal reduction method and the intermediate alloying method used in the preparation of industrial pure dysprosium and terbium metals are summarized, and the vacuum distillation method, zone melting method and solid state electromigration method are described in detail. The technology of hydrogen ionization arc melting, electrochemical deoxidation and solid phase external inspiratory are also summarized. Finally, we considers the future development direction of high purity dysprosium and terbium metals from the perspective of market orientation and operability, and provides reference for the development of high purity rare earth metals dysprosium and terbium industries.

Metal hydrides and lightweight coordinated metal hydrides have become a preferred solution for hydrogen storage owing to their high hydrogen storage density and high security. Nevertheless, the harsh operation temperature for dehydrogenation severely limits their further development and application. Benefitting from the alteration of the dehydrogenation pathway and the reduction in reaction enthalpy, reactive hydride composites RHCs have been shown to significantly enhance the hydrogen desorption thermodynamics in comparison with single hydrogen storage materials. Furthermore, the effective enhancement of both the kinetic and cycling properties can be achieved by the combination of catalytic doping methods. In this paper, a systematic review of recent research progress in the field of RHCs was presented, while the hydrogen desorption mechanism and the research progress on catalytic doping modification of a variety of RHCs were discussed in detail. Finally, the focus and development direction of future research were outlined based on the challenges currently being faced by RHCs.

M-type strontium ferrite was prepared by solid-phase reaction method combined with high-energy ball milling process, and the effects of ball milling time and additive type and content on the micro-morphology, crystal structure and magnetic properties of M-type strontium ferrite were investigated. The results showed that the samples had the best magnetic properties after sintering when the secondary ball milling time was 12 h, with the maximum magnetic energy product (BH)_max=32.7 kJ/m³. Effect of the addition of Co₃O₄, CaCO₃ and SiO₂ on the magnetic properties of the magnets was further investigated, and the results showed that the magnetic properties decreased with the addition of Co₃O₄; the increase of CaCO₃ content, may result in an excessive grain growth and non-uniformity, which in turn causes a gradual decrease in its coercivity, and when the content of 0.2% CaCO₃, the coercivity has a maximum value of Hcj=326.7 kA/m; with the increase in the content of SiO₂, the magnetic properties of the sample show a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and when the content of 0.3% of SiO₂, sintered samples have a higher densification, and at this time, the sintered samples have better overall properties: Hcj=340.5 kA/m, B_r=403.0 mT, (BH)_max=31.7 kJ/m³. The experimental results show that the magnetic properties of strontium ferrite can be improved by adjusting the ball milling time and the different additive type and its content.

A novel self-supported three-dimensional electrocatalyst is proposed for the development of efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts to address the key challenges in electrolytic water hydrogen production technology. Ni₄₀Zr₄₀Ti₂₀ amorphous alloy precursor was alloyed with 3% Pt and Pd, and then combined with the dealloying technique to prepare flexible self-supported nanoporous/amorphous alloy composite catalysts with a honeycomb nanoporous structure. The alloyed Pt material required only 32 mV overpotential at 10 mA/cm² current density, and the alloyed Pd porous material required 52 mV overpotential at a current density of 10 mA/cm², Pt alloying was superior to Pd, and the porous PtNi/amorphous composite HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) performance was better than that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. The excellent electrolytic water performance of the porous PtNi/amorphous composites was attributed to their submicron honeycomb porous structure and sponge-like nanoporous structure, which exposed more catalytically active sites while ensuring the structural stability of the catalyst. Moreover, the compressive lattice strain effect was introduced due to the replacement of noble metal lattice sites by smaller nickel atoms, thus optimising the hydrogen adsorption energy. This not only opens up new avenues for developing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with self-supporting structures, high flexibility, and low platinum content, but also holds significant scientific importance for gaining deeper insights into alloy effects in catalytic processes.

Hydrogen storage alloy as an anode material has an important influence on the performance of Ni-MH secondary batteries. To further improve the cycling stability of hydrogen storage alloy electrode materials with RE-Mg-Ni system superlattice structure, Mg-free A₅B₁₉ Gd_1-xSm_xNi_3.33Mn_0.17Co_0.2Al_0.1 0≤x≤1 alloy was designed and investigated. The effects of the substitution of Gd by the rare-earth Sm element on the alloy′s annealing microstructure, hydrogen storage in the gas, and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. The results show that after annealing at 1 273 K, the alloy microstructure consists of 2H-Ce₂Ni₇-type main phase and 3R-Ce₅Co₁₉-type dual phase. With the increase of Sm content x, the abundance of 2H-Ce₂Ni₇-type main phase increases, and the 3R-Ce₅Co₁₉-type phase gradually decreases. Meanwhile, the cellular parameters a, c, V of the 2H-Ce₂Ni₇-type phase and the 3R-Ce₅Co₁₉-type phase all increase gradually with increasing Sm content. The effect of rare earth Sm on the gas hydrogenation behavior of the alloys is more pronounced. After the addition of Sm, the alloys exhibit a certain tendency of hydrogen-induced amorphization during hydrogen absorption and desorption. With the increase of Sm content, the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity of the alloys gradually increases, and the PCT curve platform for hydrogen storage and the enthalpy of formation of alloy hydrides of ΔH^Θ are significantly reduced. The electrodes of the alloys containing Sm exhibit good charge/discharge activation properties. With the increase of Sm content, the discharge capacity of the electrodes increases from 279.6 mAh/g to 378.4 mAh/g at x=1.0. After 100 charge/discharge cycles, the alloy electrodes maintain good capacity retention S100 = 94.3%-98.8%, with a slight decrease in capacity retention rate as Sm content increases. When Sm content x > 0, the alloy electrodes exhibit good high-current discharge performance, with HRD₉₀₀ values ranging from 84.7% to 87.6%, respectively. The x = 1.0 alloy combines a high discharge capacity 378.4 mAh/g, good cycling stability S100=94.3%, and high-rate discharge performance HRD₉₀₀ = 84.7%, demonstrating excellent overall electrochemical properties.

Review of casting magnesium alloys containing Nd is performed. In terms of the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the effect of Nd on the grain size and second phase precipitation of magnesium alloys is analyzed, the influence of Nd on the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of magnesium alloys is discussed, and the effect of Nd on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is reviewed, with the aim of providing references for the design and development of casting magnesium alloys containing Nd.

Metal hydride MH - hydrogen compressors MHHC or thermal sorption compressors MH TSC can convert thermal energy into compressed hydrogen gas. Compared with traditional mechanical hydrogen compression methods, the main advantage is the use of low-grade heat sources instead of electricity. Its benefits include simple design and operation, no moving parts, compact structure and safety and reliability. Metal hydride materials or hydrogen compression materials, as an important component of this type of thermal engine, possess several fundamental characteristics to achieve efficient performance in hydrogen compression. The application scenarios, basic principles and main types and characteristics of metal hydrides as hydrogen compression materials for regulating hydrogen pressure technology are summarized.

Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is regarded as a key link in the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain due to its excellent volumetric hydrogen storage density and intrinsic safety characteristics. Among numerous hydrogen storage materials, AB₅-type rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys have become a research hotspot because of their mild activation conditions, efficient hydrogen absorption and desorption under normal temperature and pressure, as well as excellent PCT plateau characteristics and outstanding anti-toxicity performance. However, the basic alloy LaNi₅ cannot be directly applied due to problems such as low hydrogen absorption and desorption plateau pressure, low hydrogen storage capacity, and poor cycle stability. To address the above issues, alloying regulation of AB₅-type hydrogen storage alloys has been widely recognized as an effective solution. This review systematically summarizes the effects of common element substitution on the A- and B- sides on the structural properties of AB₅-type hydrogen storage alloys and their underlying mechanisms, and systematically summarizes the existing problems and future research directions, which can provide theoretical guidance for the optimal design of high-performance AB₅-type hydrogen storage alloys.

Undercut is one of the key factors limiting the iterative upgrading of etched metal lead frames, and attenuating or eliminating the undercut is a common challenge faced by etch engineers, equipment manufacturers, and potion developers. Copper corrosion inhibitors as an anti-undercut additive were added to the acidic copper chloride etchant. Based on the principle of anti-undercut additive, the effective anti-undercut additive and its use of the concentration were screened out through the static and dynamic etching experiments. Finally, a kind of lead-frame product was used to verify the improvement effect of anti-undercut additive on the uniformity of etching size. It provides a feasible method for the improvement and enhancement of the etching process in the metal lead frame industry, and at the same time fills the research gap of anti-side-etching agents in the metal lead frame industry.

Offshore wind power-to-hydrogen is a crucial approach for developing marine renewable energy, and hydrogen storage technology serves as the key to realizing energy transfer. Focusing on offshore scenarios, the feasibility of applying solid-state hydrogen storage technology has been investigated. A system model of "offshore wind power-electrolytic hydrogen production-solid-state hydrogen storage-maritime transportation to shore" is constructed, with MgH₂ as the hydrogen storage medium, to analyze the impacts of parameters such as electrolyzer configuration ratio and hydrogen storage capacity on system performance. The results show that the ratio of electrolyzers to wind power directly affects system energy efficiency, requiring a trade-off between power consumption and equipment utilization. Increasing hydrogen storage capacity can reduce hydrogen curtailment rate, but the marginal benefit diminishes. The economic viability of the system is constrained by multiple factors, necessitating a comprehensive consideration of energy efficiency and costs. This research provides a theoretical basis for the selection of hydrogen storage technologies in offshore wind power-to-hydrogen systems.