La_0.6Y_0.4Ni_3.75Al_0.15Mn_0.2 superlattice hydrogen storage alloys were prepared using a vacuum arc melting furnace. The alloys were subjected to annealing treatments at temperatures ranging from 900 ℃ to 1 050 ℃ under a 0.2 MPa Ar atmosphere for 10 h. The effects of annealing temperature on the alloy′s structure and properties were studied using X-ray diffraction and electrochemical testing methods. The results show that at 900 ℃, the alloy consisted of A₅B₁₉-type Pr₅Co₁₉ and Ce₅Co₁₉ phases, and AB₅-type CaCu₅ phase. When the temperature was increased to 950 ℃, the phase abundance (mass fraction) of CaCu₅ decreased from 5% to 2.5%, while the phase abundance of Ce₅Co₁₉ and Pr₅Co₁₉ increased from 57.6% and 37.5% to 58.1% and 39.4%, respectively. At this temperature, the A₅B₁₉-type phase reached its maximum phase abundance, comprising 97.5% (mass fraction). When the temperature was increased to 1 000 ℃, the phase abundance of CaCu₅ increased to 11% (mass fraction). At 1 050 ℃, excessive loss of Mn resulted in the formation of A₂B₇-type Ce₂Ni₇ phase. The alloy exhibited optimal electrochemical properties at an annealing temperature of 950 ℃, where the A₅B₁₉ phase content peaked. The maximum discharge capacity was 318.5 mA·h/g, and after 100 cycles, the capacity retention (S₁₀₀) was 72.5%. The high-rate discharge performance (HRD₁₂₀₀) at a current density of 1 200 mA/g was 77.6%. Therefore, the adjustment of phase abundance through annealing treatment significantly improved the comprehensive electrochemical performance of La-Y-Ni-based alloys.

A series of heterogeneous Gyroid structures with axially graded porosity were designed based on conical surface equations and fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). Quasi-static compression tests and finite element simulations were conducted to systematically investigate the effects of porosity gradient and loading direction on the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the porous structures. The results indicate that Gyroid axial gradient porous structures exhibit anisotropic mechanical behavior. When loaded perpendicular to the gradient direction, the structures demonstrated a strengthening effect, attributed to stress concentration in low-porosity regions. In contrast, loading parallel to the gradient direction led to strength degradation, resulting from progressive collapse initiated in high-porosity regions. The extent of strengthening or weakening was positively correlated with the gradient range. The energy absorption efficiency of Gyroid axial gradient porous structures was generally lower than that of their homogeneous counterparts, primarily due to incompatible deformation at porosity gradient interfaces, which impeded stress transfer. The structure with a 70%-30% porosity gradient loaded perpendicular to the gradient direction exhibited the best overall mechanical and energy absorption performance, with a yield strength of 92.1 MPa and a plateau stress of 163.1 MPa, representing increases of 15.86% and 10.42%, respectively, compared to the homogeneous structure. Its maximum energy absorption reached (63.06±0.53) MJ/m³, comparable to that of the homogeneous structure (63.97 MJ/m³).

Waste amorphous Fe-Si-B flake powders were compacted into magnetic powder cores, and the microstructural evolution and magnetic properties of the internal particles were investigated by changing the heat treatment temperature. The results show that α-FeSi and Fe₂B nanocrystalline phases began to precipitate at a heat treatment temperature of 380 ℃, which is lower than the crystallization exothermic temperature measured by thermal analysis. At 420 ℃, an average grain size of the magnetic powder cores was 13.62 nm, approaching the exchange interaction length (15-20 nm), but partial agglomeration occurred between grains. Additionally, the grain sizes of the precipitated α-FeSi and Fe₂B phases were comparable, with the volume fraction of Fe₂B phase being significantly lower than that of the α-FeSi phase. Increasing the heat treatment temperature led to rapid grain growth of both α-FeSi and Fe₂B phases, resulting in an increased average magnetic anisotropy constant, and degradation of overall magnetic performance. The magnetic powder cores treated at 420 ℃ exhibited relatively superior AC magnetic properties, with an effective permeability of 64.5, total losses of 251.9 mW/cm³ (10 mT, 1 MHz), and a DC bias characteristic of 60.0% (at 8 000 A/m). These experimental results provide critical insights for the modification and recycling of waste amorphous Fe-Si-B materials.

As a key piece of ground equipment widely used in China's water injection oil production technology, the safe and stable operation of the plunger water injection pump directly impacts the production efficiency, oil quality, and overall output of oilfields. The plunger rod and combination valve in the plunger water injection pump are critical, vulnerable, and corrosive components, and their proper functioning is essential to the water injection and oil recovery process. This study focuses on the failed plunger rod and combination valve from the water injection station of the Xingzichuan Oil Production Plant in the Yanchang Oilfield. The causes of failure were systematically analyzed using various methods, including material analysis, metallographic structure observation, and microhardness testing. The microscopic morphology of the corrosion scale on the surface of the failed components was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the phase composition of the corrosion scale was further analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology. The results reveal that the base material of the failed plunger rod is 27SiMn steel, with a metallographic structure consisting of cementite and ferrite, while the material of the failed combination valve is 2Cr13 stainless steel, primarily exhibiting martensite. SEM analysis showed significant cracking and peeling of the coating on the plunger rod surface, with noticeable corrosion pits in localized areas, while the combination valve exhibited numerous small pitting pits and honeycomb-like corrosion areas. XRD analysis identified that the corrosion scale on the surface of the failed components is primarily composed of CaCO₃ and FeOOH, which contributed to the failure of the water injection pump components. The findings of this research provide a theoretical foundation for addressing the corrosion issues in water injection pump components within water injection oil production systems and offer technical recommendations for improving the corrosion resistance of these components. By further optimizing related technologies, the service life of components can be extended, enhancing the safety and stability of oilfield water injection and oil production systems, and offering critical support for oilfield production.

In order to improve the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and elongation of ferrosilicon alloy materials, the influence of casting cooling rate on the mechanical properties of ferrosilicon alloy was studied. After preparing ferrosilicon alloy samples using silica, coke, and iron oxide scales and casting them, three cooling methods of natural cooling, air cooling, and water cooling were implemented, with corresponding cooling rates of 0.5, 12.7, and 660.0 ℃/min, respectively. Test the mechanical properties such as compression characteristics, tensile characteristics, and microhardness of the cooled alloy sample. The results showed that with the increase of casting cooling rate, the tensile strength, elongation and hardness of ferrosilicon alloy were significantly improved. In the compression performance test, the sample cooled by water at 660.0 ℃/min exhibited higher stress values and better compressive performance. At the same time, friction and wear performance tests showed that the sample cooled by water had the smallest weight loss and the best wear resistance. In the hardness test under high temperature environment, the sample cooled by water has the smallest decrease in hardness and better thermal stability performance. Water cooling has shown significant advantages in improving the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and high-temperature stability of ferrosilicon alloys. It is recommended to prioritize the use of rapid cooling technology in practical production.

Based on micromagnetics theory,magnetic behavior of Ce_1.66Mg_1.34Co₉/α″-Fe₁₆N₂ nano composite bilayer film using the three-dimensional simulation tool OOMMF was systematically investigated. The effects of the hard magnetic phase thickness (L^h) and the soft magnetic phase thickness (L^s) on remanence (M_r), coercivity (H_c), and the maximum energy product ((BH)_max) were intensively studied, while also analyzing the energy variation during the magnetization reversal process. Under a fixed soft magnetic phase thickness L^s,it was found that with the increase in hard magnetic phase thickness L^h, both M_r and (BH)_max gradually decreased,whereas H_c remained relatively unchanged. The optimum (BH)_max was achieved when L^h was 10 nm. Conversely,under a fixed L^h,increasing the L^s led to a gradual increase in M_r,a decrease in H_c,and a gradual increase followed by a decrease in (BH)_max. The optimum (BH)_max occurred when L^s was 10 nm,corresponding to an enhancement of 987.60% compared to single-phase materials. Furthermore,a detailed analysis of the magnetic moment distribution revealed the process of magnetization reversal,from the saturated state to the reverse saturated state,providing a microscopic explanation of the magnetization process in the bilayer film system. By rationally optimizing the thickness combination of the hard and soft magnetic phases, the maximum energy product of the nano composite bilayer film can be significantly improved,resulting in superior comprehensive magnetic performance.

Amorphous silicon (a-Si), particularly hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), exhibits ultra-high electrochemical discharge capacity in ionic liquid electrolytes. However, conventional hydrogenation treatments typically require high temperatures, and the hydrogen content in the resulting films is limited. To investigate the relative contribution of heat treatment to the electrochemical performance of modified thin film electrodes, radio frequency magnetron sputtering was used to prepare a-Si thin films with similar thickness. These films were heat-treated at 200 ℃, 300 ℃, and 500 ℃ under high vacuum conditions for 2 h. The results showed that although the heat-treated films maintained an amorphous structure, they exhibited a trend toward crystallization. This structural transition reduced defect density and enhanced structural order. The electrochemical activity, discharge capacity, rate performance, and cycling stability of the thin film electrodes were significantly improved. Specifically, after heat treatment at 200 ℃, the maximum discharge capacity increased by 15.2%, and the capacity retention after 100 cycles improved from 74.8% (before treatment) to 81.4%. After heat treatment at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃, the discharge capacities increased by 54.4% and 59.2%, respectively, and the capacity remained stable after 100 cycles with no degradation. Vacuum heat treatment significantly optimized the performance of a-Si thin film electrodes by improving their structure, demonstrating promising potential for widespread application in energy storage systems such as nickel-metal hydride batteries.

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration based on the magnetocaloric effect of magnetic materials is an important method for achieving sub-Kelvin temperatures. The combination of Gd³⁺ with light anion ligands facilitates an increased rare-earth/ligand ratio in magnetocaloric materials, leading to a significant magnetocaloric effect. To explore novel high-performance magnetocaloric materials, LiGdO₂ compound with a high rare-earth/ligand ratio was synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reactions and its magnetocaloric effects were investigated at low temperatures. From the thermomagnetic curves, an antiferromagnetic phase transition is observed in LiGdO₂ around 2.5 K, and strong antiferromagnetic interactions are determined by Curie-Weiss fitting. At 1.8 K, a high saturation magnetization of 166.5 A·m²/kg is recorded for LiGdO₂. When measured at 3.5 K under a magnetic field change of 7 T, a large magnetic entropy change of 30.3 J/(kg·K) is demonstrated by LiGdO₂. These results indicate that LiGdO₂ compound with high rare-earth/ligand ratios is highly competitive among magnetocaloric materials.

To clarify the impact of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on strength and toughness of 1 600 MPa ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) welded joints, quenching and tempering heat treatment was performed on tungsten inert gas(TIG)-welded joints. Microstructure of the joints was observed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile and impact tests were also carried out. Results indicate that the toughness of UHSS weld is reduced due to significant segregation of elements such as Cr, Mo, W, and Si. Quenching and tempering heat treatment can significantly reduce the degree of element in weld metal and transforms weld microstructure from martensite to tempered martensite, thereby improving weld toughness. Mechanical performance tests also reveal that hardness distribution of joints becames more uniform after heat treatment, with tensile strength of base metal and weld increasing to 1 744 MPa and 1 740 MPa, respectively. These findings provide theoretical basis and technical support for welding application of ultra-high-strength steel.

To analyze the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of high-strength bolts (HSBs) under lateral vibration loads, in order to evaluate their durability in complex stress environments, the research involves the establishment of mechanical models, simulation settings, and simulation verification for bolted connections. Through finite element simulation technology, the systematic simulations of bolt compression and random vibration loads are carried out, revealing the influence of preload force on stress redistribution in the contact area and deformation of the threaded structure. The research has shown that when the preload force is increased from 20 kN to 80 kN, the maximum stress amplitude at the bolt drilling site under compression conditions decreases by 21.4%, effectively suppressing local plastic deformation. Under the action of random vibration load, there is a 3-fold stress concentration phenomenon in the transition zone of the thread, and the risk of microcrack initiation in this area is significantly increased compared to other parts. This method quantifies the correlation characteristics between deformation and fracture, elucidates the progressive failure mechanism induced by slip at the threaded contact interface, and provides a key theoretical basis for the safe design and life prediction of bolted connections in engineering structures.

H13 steel has a high alloy content, and improper production process control or incorrect alloy usage can lead to elevated titanium (Ti) levels in the molten steel. When the Ti mass fraction exceeds 0.003%, Ti-rich liquid carbides or TiN inclusions may form, severely affecting the fatigue performance and service life of molds. Therefore, this production process achieves stable high-quality H13 steel ingot production by optimizing the chemical composition of H13 steel and strictly controlling the production process. The smelting process requires the use of alloys and materials with low phosphorus (P) and titanium (Ti) content during converter steelmaking and LF refining. Three slag-making operations are performed during converter production, with the first and second furnace slags completely removed. Before blowing, residual steel and slag in the converter hood and ladle must be cleaned thoroughly, and slag carryover during tapping must be strictly controlled. In the early stage of LF refining, chromium (Cr) content is adjusted to ensure a total LF slag volume of at least 30 kg/t, while maintaining low slag basicity of R. The LF slag composition ranges are: w(CaO)=50%-53%,w(Al₂O₃)=24%-28%,w(SiO₂)=13%-15%,w(MgO)=6%-8%,w(TFe+MnO)≤0.5%,R=3.5-4.0. LF refining time is 130-150 min. Before ingot casting, the mold temperature must be maintained between 50-80 ℃. During ingot body pouring, the casting speed is controlled at 0.4-0.5 t/min. After the ingot body is completed, the casting speed is reduced. For pouring the ingot head, the casting speed is controlled at 0.2-0.3 t/min. During the ingot casting process, argon sealing must be ensured while maintaining a steady rise in the molten steel level within the mold. Through these processes, the P mass fraction in H13 steel ingots is kept below 0.012%, and the Ti mass fraction is maintained at no more than 0.002 0%, effectively controlling the quantity and size of liquid carbides and TiN inclusions. The resulting microstructure exhibits excellent high-magnification and low-magnification features, with an impact energy of at least 300 J.

A spectrophotometric method based on F-La-C₁₉H₁₅NO₈ was established to study the fluorine content in rare earth concentrates. Firstly, the sample was decomposed by perchloric acid, and fluorine was separated and enriched by steam distillation. Secondly, phenolphthalein was used to adjust the distillate to neutrality. Thirdly, alizarin aminocarboxylic complex hydrazone was used as a color reagent, acetone was used as a stabilizer, and water bath insulation color development. Finally, the absorbance of the solution was measured at a wavelength of 625 nm. At the same time,the optimal distillation conditions, amounts of color reagent and acetone, water bath temperature, color development time, absorption wavelength, and other conditions were determined. The precision and result comparison experiment showed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.26%-9.776% (number of measurements n=11),and the absolute error was -0.032%-0.183% which compared to the fluoride ion selective electrode experiment. The recovery experiment showed that the recovery was 96.00%-103.20%. This method is applicable for the determination of fluoride content ranging from 0.10%-2.00% (mass fraction) in rare earth concentrates.

To enhance the performance of iron-rich cobalt-based coatings, three different compositions of coatings were fabricated on the surface of 45 steel by plasma cladding technology, including iron-rich cobalt-based alloy coatings (FeCo), iron-rich cobalt-based alloy composite coatings containing TiC (FeCo-TiC), and iron-rich cobalt-based alloy composite coatings containing TiC-W-Mo (FeCoWMo-TiC). Through comparative analysis of the microstructure, hardness and friction and wear properties of these three coatings, it was found that the microstructure of the FeCo coating is mainly composed of dendritic crystals and equiaxed crystals, and its phase composition is primarily γ-Co and CoC_x. The phase composition of the FeCo-TiC and FeCoWMo-TiC coatings consist of TiC, α(Fe,Co), M₂₃C₆ and M₇C₃ phases. The introduction of W and Mo elements helps to reduce the size of TiC particles in iron-rich cobalt-based alloy coatings. The iron-rich cobalt-based alloy coating TiC-W-Mo has the best hardness and friction and wear properties, followed by the iron-rich cobalt-based alloy coating TiC, while the iron-rich cobalt-based alloy coating has the lowest. The wear mechanisms of the three coatings are mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear.

To address the technical challenges associated with welding high-strength steels in the context of automotive lightweight, this study investigates the resistance spot welding characteristics of DH980 dual-phase steel with high formability, systematically exploring the relationship between its process window and performance. Through designed gradient current experiments combined with metallography, microhardness, and shear tensile tests, the welding adaptability of DH980 steel was revealed. The results indicate that the suitable resistance spot welding current range for DH980 steel is 6.8-8.1 kA, with a process window of 1.3 kA, demonstrating good weldability. The welded joint comprises six distinct zones of the nugget zone consisting of coarse lath martensite, the coarse-grained heat-affected zone with coarse martensite, the fine-grained heat-affected zone with fine martensite, the intercritical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ) composed of primary ferrite, newly formed ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite, the subcritical heat-affected zone (SCHAZ) consisting of ferrite, martensite, tempered martensite, a small amount of bainite, and retained austenite, and the base metal zone comprising ferrite, martensite, a small amount of bainite, and retained austenite. Softening in the joint is attributed to the tempering of martensite in the SCHAZ and the decomposition of austenite in the ICHAZ. The transverse microhardness profile of the welded joint exhibits a "W" shape, with the hardness in the nugget zone being approximately 31% higher than that of the base metal. The shear force of the spot welds increased by 8.3% from Imin to Imax, with failure occurring as a ductile plug fracture. In conclusion, DH980 steel is suitable for resistance spot welding applications in automotive body components.

Ethylene is a fundamental building block in the chemical industry and is widely used in plastics, synthetic fibers, and fine chemicals. Traditional ethylene production heavily relies on high-temperature steam cracking, a process characterized by high energy consumption and significant carbon emissions. Ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) has emerged as a promising alternative due to its lower energy consumption and fewer by-products. Based on the presence or absence of oxidants, EDH can be classified into direct dehydrogenation (DDH) and oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH). Recent advances in metal-based catalysts for EDH were systematically reviewed, with a focus on their structure-performance relationships, coke resistance mechanisms, and catalytic pathway optimization strategies. In DDH systems, Pt, PtSn, and PtZn catalysts achieve high activity and stability through confinement effects and alloy engineering. Cr-based and Mo-based transition metal catalysts benefit from dopant modification and support tuning, which significantly enhance their anti-sintering and regeneration capabilities. In ODH systems, the O?-assisted route operates via a lattice oxygen redox cycle, highlighting the importance of oxygen vacancy regulation and oxidation state stability. Meanwhile, the CO₂-assisted route not only enables carbon capture but also improves ethane conversion and coke resistance. Future development directions are discussed, including multi-oxidant co-catalytic systems, in situ structural characterization, and artificial intelligence-assisted catalyst design.

Tungsten and its alloys require reliable connection with heterogeneous metals for extreme environmental applications such as nuclear fusion reactors. Hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding has emerged as a key technology to address the challenge of joining tungsten with heterogeneous metals, owing to its advantages in promoting interfacial diffusion and densification under high pressure and high temperature. The research progress on hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding of tungsten with copper alloys, steel and tantalum is systematically reviewed. The intermediate layers available for diffusion bonding of tungsten and heterogeneous metals are summarized. Additionally, existing problems and development trends of hot isostatic pressing technology in the field of diffusion bonding are discussed.

Investigated the effect of hydrogen environment on the mechanical properties, fatigue crack growth rate, fracture toughness, and hydrogen embrittlement mechanism of L245 pipeline steel. The results show that with the increase of hydrogen concentration in the environment, the elongation and reduction of area of L245 steel decrease significantly, the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity increases, while the tensile strength and yield strength remained almost unchanged. Hydrogen environment significantly reduces the crack growth threshold of the steel and increases the sensitivity of crack growth rate to the stress intensity factor range. The increase in hydrogen concentration gradually reduces the fracture toughness of the steel and increases its brittleness. The microscopic crack growth patterns showed that cracks in the non-hydrogen-charged specimens mainly exhibit transgranular cracking, while those in the hydrogen-charged specimens showe a mixture of transgranular and intergranular crac-king, with the crack growth direction at approximately 90° to the tensile direction. The analysis of hydrogen embrittlement mechanism shows that hydrogen molecules first physically adsorb onto the steel surface and dissociate into hydrogen atoms under the catalysis of iron atoms, which then diffuse into the steel matrix in an interstitial manner. These hydrogen atoms tend to aggregate at ferrite grains or segregate at grain boundaries and dislocations, changing the crack growth mode from single transgranular cracking to a mixture of transgranular and intergranular cracking. At low hydrogen concentration (less than 10%), cracks mainly propagate within ferrite grains, showing transgranular fracture.At high hydrogen concentration (greater than 20%), hydrogen atoms significantly segregate at grain boundaries, weakening the grain boundary strength and increasing the proportion of cracks propagating along grain boundaries.

GH901 alloy turbine discs are high-temperature load-bearing components in aircraft engines, and their performance has an important influence on the overall performance of the engine. Therefore, the differences in microstructure and mechanical properties of different parts of GH901 alloy turbine disk were studied. After heat treatment of raw materials, alloy materials are obtained, and forged turbine disk forgings are obtained. Samples are taken from different parts for analysis of microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties. The experimental results indicate that there is a significant gradient difference between the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of GH901 alloy in different parts. During the manufacturing process of GH901 turbine disk forgings, the hub area experienced significant deformation and high temperatures, resulting in a tho-rough dynamic recrystallization process and uniform grain refinement. This process significantly improves the room temperature tensile strength and plasticity of the material, while the fracture surface exhibits typical dimple like characteristics. The structure of the spoke plate is between the hub and the wheel rim, and its performance is relatively balanced. Due to insufficient deformation, rapid heat dissipation, and inadequate recrystallization process, the wheel rim has formed obvious mixed and coarse crystal structures, resulting in a significant decrease in its tensile and durability properties, and the fracture surface exhibits brittle characteristics. Overall, although forging reduces the ultimate durability life of materials, it significantly improves the uniformity of performance between different parts, which is beneficial for enhancing the overall stability and reliability of turbine discs in practical service.

To evaluate the internal resistance characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries for automotive charging piles under different ambient temperatures, an analysis test was conducted. A 150 A·h single lithium iron phosphate battery cell for an automotive charging pile was selected as the research object. Power battery testing equipment and a constant temperature and humidity test chamber were used, and the hybrid pulse power characteristic (HPPC) method was applied. The test results show that during charging, at -20 ℃, the starting value of the ohmic internal resistance reaches 26 mΩ, the starting value of the polarization internal resistance is 4.4 mΩ, and the ohmic internal resistance accounts for 90% of the total internal resistance. At -10 ℃, the starting value of the ohmic internal resistance is 19 mΩ, the polarization internal resistance is 3.7 mΩ, and the proportion is 85%. At 0 ℃, the starting value of the ohmic internal resistance is 7 mΩ, the polarization internal resistance is 2.5 mΩ, and the proportion is 65%. At 15 ℃, the starting value of the ohmic internal resistance is 2.5 mΩ, the polarization internal resistance is 0.7 mΩ, and the proportion is 55%. At 40 ℃, the starting value of the ohmic internal resistance is 3 mΩ, the polarization internal resistance is 1.0 mΩ, and the proportion is 53% at the start and 70% at the end. During discharging, at -20 ℃, the starting value of the polarization internal resistance is 4.3 mΩ, and the ohmic internal resistance accounts for a high proportion and remains at a high level. At -10 ℃, the starting value of the polarization internal resistance is 2.9 mΩ, and the proportion fluctuates slightly. At 0 ℃, the starting value of the polarization internal resistance is 1.8 mΩ, and the proportion is moderate and stable. At 15 ℃, the starting value of the polarization internal resistance is 0.7 mΩ, and the proportion is moderate and stable. At 40 ℃, the starting value of the polarization internal resistance is 0.6 mΩ, and the proportion is the lowest at the start with a small increase.

Driven by the global carbon neutrality agenda, the transition to sustainable energy and the development of green, low-carbon technologies are progressing rapidly in worldwide. Water electrolysis for hydrogen production, as an efficient energy conversion technology, has emerged as a pivotal element in the clean energy transformation, with innovations in catalyst systems drawing significant attention. High-entropy alloys (HEAs), featuring unique multi-element synergy, lattice distortion effects, structural stability, and broad compositional tunability, have offered promising avenues to overcome the performance limitations of conventional water electrolysis catalysts, becoming a focal point of research in both academia and industry. Based on data from global patent databases (specifically Chinese public patents), the research background, fundamental principles, current development status, and patent application trends of HEA-based catalysts for water electrolysis were systematically reviewed across three dimensions, namely technological life cycle, patent deployment strategies, and industrial adaptability. Furthermore, technical branches, evolutionary pathways, and core innovations in representative patents were delved into. By constructing a “composition-structure-process-performance” four-dimensional technological evolution model, key transition mechanisms from laboratory research to engineering applications were revealed. Finally, strategies for constructing industrial-oriented patent portfolios and building a full-chain collaborative innovation ecosystem, along with insights into technological upgrading and industrial development were proposed.

As a pillar of the national economy, the iron and steel industry has long been plagued by high energy consumption and high emissions, making it a core sector for China to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. As a representative of high-performance steel products, the green technological innovation efficiency of rare earth steel directly determines the upgrading quality of the iron and steel industry.Taking Group B as the research object, this study focuses on evaluating the green technological innovation efficiency of rare earth steel, aiming to construct a scientific evaluation system and identify the paths for efficiency improvement. Firstly, an evaluation index system was established from the input-output dimension, namely the input side included indicators of human resources (full-time equivalent of R and D personnel), capital (R and D expenditure, environmental protection investment) and energy (comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel). The output side was divided into desirable outputs (number of patents, sales revenue of green products) and undesirable outputs (SO₂ emissions per ton of steel, COD (chemical oxygen demand) emissions). Secondly, a series of data envelopment analysis (DEA) models were adopted for empirical study, namely the CCR (charnes-cooper-rhodes) model was used to measure the overall efficiency, which was found to exhibit a W-shaped fluctuation; the BCC (Banker-Charnes-Cooper) model was applied to decompose the efficiency, revealing the core contradiction that pure technical efficiency remains stable while scale efficiency becomes a restrictive factor. The SBM model was employed to quantify super-efficiency, further distinguishing the efficiency differences among DEA-effective years; the Malmquist index was utilized to analyze dynamic changes, verifying that the efficiency fluctuation is entirely driven by technological progress. Finally, the Tobit regression model was used to identify influencing factors, namely labor quality, transformation of innovative achievements and intensity of environmental protection investment exert significantly positive impacts, while the efficiency of government fund utilization shows a marginally negative impact. Meanwhile, prominent problems such as insufficient systematic coordination and suboptimal resource allocation were identified. On this basis, several key improvement measures are proposed, including constructing a mechanism of strategic guidance and dynamic regulation, optimizing the system of resource allocation and factor coordination, establishing a mechanism of rigid budget and flexible supplementation, implementing whole-process quality control of patents, and strengthening the dual-track governance of pollutants through the integration of technology and management. This study provides practical references for rare earth steel enterprises to optimize their green technological innovation efficiency.

Developing cost-effective, stable, and efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for the large-scale implementation of hydrogen energy. In this study, a multi-component composite catalyst, denoted as Pt-NiCoN_x, was successfully synthesized by loading ultra-low amounts of platinum (Pt) onto NiN_x, CoN_x, and Ni-Co alloy phases. This material fully leverages the excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of Pt, the synergistic catalytic effects among multiple phases, and the abundant heterointerfaces, collectively leading to significantly enhanced catalytic performance. The nitridation process optimized the electronic structures of Ni and Co, exposing more active sites while improving the electrical conductivity, reaction activity, and stability of the material. Hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-OH) served as the support, further enhancing electrical conductivity and structural integrity. The ultra-low loading of Pt (1.97%) on the composite surface greatly increased Pt atomic utilization, resulting in outstanding catalytic properties. Moreover, the strong interaction between Pt and NiCoN_x facilitated electron transfer across different phases, and the superior hydrogen adsorption capability of Pt accelerated the dissociation and generation of hydrogen molecules, jointly boosting the overall performance of the catalyst. In a 1.0 mol/L KOH electrolyte, Pt-NiCoN_x/MWCNT-OH exhibited a small Tafel slope of 49.8 mV/dec, with low overpotentials of only 47.2 mV at 10 mA/cm² and 129.5 mV at 100 mA/cm², along with remarkable long-term stability. This research provides a novel strategy for designing efficient and economical electrocatalysts for water splitting, contributing positively to the development of sustainable hydrogen energy technologies.

Laser cleaning is widely used in aerospace, marine, and transportation fields due to its advantages of high efficiency, high quality, safety, environmental friendliness, and ease of operation. This paper investigates the high-efficiency and high-quality cleaning process for oxide layers on T4003 stainless steel surfaces using a 200 W pulsed fiber laser. The surface morphology, roughness, and hardness were observed and measured to analyze the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and pulse width on oxide layer removal and surface quality.The results indicate that laser power significantly influences cleaning quality. The optimal cleaning effect was achieved with 200 W laser power, 10 ns pulse width, and 7000 mm/s scanning speed, where the oxide layer was completely removed without substrate remelting, and the hardness difference between cleaned and base materials was minimal,indicating the optimal processing outcome.

Due to the harsh working environment of wind turbine flanges, high requirements are placed on their low-temperature impact performance at -50 ℃. Therefore, by comparing and analyzing relevant indicators such as Ti content, low-temperature impact performance, metallographic structure, Brinell hardness, and impact fracture morphology, the factors affecting their low-temperature impact performance were studied. It was determined that Ti content is the key factor affecting low-temperature impact when the smelting process and main chemical composition are basically the same. The results indicate that, under similar production processes, process parameters, chemical composition, metallographic structure, and Brinell hardness values, Ti content is the key factor affecting the low-temperature impact performance of Q345E/S355 NL wind turbine flange steel; With the increase of Ti content, the low-temperature impact performance of Q345E/S355 NL wind turbine flange steel at -50 ℃ significantly decreases. The reason for the decrease in low-temperature impact performance is the precipitation of TiN inclusions. When the Ti mass fraction is not greater than 0.002 0%, the low-temperature impact energy of Q345E/S355 NL wind turbine flange steel at -50 ℃ can reach over 100 J. When the Ti mass fraction is not less than 0.010 0%, its low-temperature impact energy at -50 ℃ is only below 15 J. In order to ensure the low-temperature impact performance of Q345E/S355 NL wind turbine flange steel, and taking into account the composition design and production process of wind turbine flange steel, it is recommended to control the Ti mass fraction not to exceed 0.002 0%.

Traditional power connection fittings are mostly manufactured from steel with hot-dip galvanizing for corrosionprotection. With the trend toward low-carbon power systems and higher requirements for corrosion resis-tance, aluminum alloys, which are greener and more environmentally friendly, have been increasingly adopted for power connection fittings in recent years. A comparative study on salt spray corrosion resistance was conducted among three aluminum alloys (7075, 7A04, 6082) and two steels (Grade 35, Q345R). The results show that the corrosion rates of the uncoated aluminum alloys are lower than those of the ungalvanized steels. Considering mechanical properties, processability and intergranular corrosion resistance of 7075, 7A04 and 6082, 6082 aluminum alloy, which exhibits superior plastic deformability and impact resistance, is finally selected for manufacturing power connection fittings. Furthermore, three surface treatments (anodizing, shot peening and passivation) were applied to 6082 aluminum alloy right-angle clevises. Salt spray corrosion tests indicate that anodizing provides the optimal corrosion resistance. It is demonstrated that 6082 aluminum alloy with anodizing treatment has broad application prospect in the production of power connection fittings.

In this paper, Ti₃O₅@(CS) composite catalyst was prepared via impregnation method and high temperature annealing, and Sm₅Mg₄₁+5% Ti₃O₅@CS (mass fraction)composite material was fabricated by mechanical ball milling. The microstructure and phase composition of the composites before and after hydrogen absorption/desorption were characterized, and the effect of Ti₃O₅@CS addition on the hydrogen storage properties of the composite was investigated. The composite is composed of Sm₅Mg₄₁, SmMg₃ and Ti₃O₅ phases before hydrogen absorption, and of Sm₃H₇, MgH₂ and Ti₃O₅ phases after hydrogen absorption. Ti₃O₅@CS prepared from high-concentration titanium n-propanoxide solution shows a high catalytic effect on hydrogen storage kinetics. After the addition of Ti₃O₅@CS, the dehydrogenation activation energy of Sm₅Mg₄₁ is reduced to the minimum of 112 kJ/mol(H₂), and the initial dehydrogenation temperature is decreased to the minimum of 262 ℃.

The image of the scrap pile itself is blurry, and its quality monitoring is affected by various factors, resulting in high noise and difficulty in identifying abnormal situations in the scrap pile. Therefore, a method for automatic identification of scrap pile anomalies under the texture mapping of unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography point cloud is proposed. Using drone oblique photography to obtain images of scrap steel piles, removing the borders of the scrap steel pile images, and then performing distortion correction, smoothing, and segmentation. Combined with the drone's shooting angle, the images are registered. Map the processed image to a three-dimensional space, generate corresponding point cloud data, and combine the point cloud data with the original image to repair the texture information in the image, thereby obtaining the repaired scrap pile image. Then extract the color features of different regions in the image, calculate the color feature entropy value, and determine whether the current region is an abnormal region based on the entropy value. The experimental results show that in practical applications, the overlap between the abnormal identification results of the scrap pile and the actual results is as high as 98.72%, indicating high accuracy.

Under multitasking conditions, the conflict between automated guided vehicle(AGV) trajectory and disk crane operation sequence leads to low efficiency in dynamic stacking scheduling of wide and thick plates. Therefore, a dynamic stacking optimization method for wide and thick plates under the collaboration of 5G base station clusters and AGVs has been developed. Using the real-time position information of the disk crane fed back by the 5G base station cluster through signal data (RSSI/ToA), a weighted least squares objective function was constructed based on the distance between the steel plate number (ID) and the disk crane in the order task. The Gauss-Newton iteration method was used to solve the matching result of the disk crane in the output order task. On the basis of collaborative steel plate inbound and outbound tasks, AGV trajectories, and disk crane operation sequences, an objective function with the goal of minimizing sorting scheduling workload was set under constraint conditions. A hierarchical heuristic algorithm was used to solve the output stacking scheme, avoiding conflicts between AGV trajectories and disk crane operation sequences. The analysis results of the case study indicate that based on the collaborative allocation and scheduling of resources, this method keeps the sorting volumes stably below 2 000 kg and 1 500 kg respectively, and the time consumption stably below 10.0 and 5.5 min respectively during the execution of inbound and outbound tasks, featuring high overall efficiency.

Zirconia restorations are widely used in the field of dental restoration. To delve into the impact of clinical adjustment and grinding on the load-bearing capacity of zirconia restorations and provide a scientific basis for their clinical application, 3 mol% yttrium-stabilized zirconia ceramic sintered bodies were selected as the material for preparing test specimens. The specimens were divided into a control group (Group A) and experimental groups (Groups B, C, and D). The specimens in Group A were not adjusted or ground, while those in Groups B, C, and D were adjusted and ground at rotational speeds of 150 000, 200 000, and 250 000 r/min, respectively. Each group of specimens was further divided into three subgroups: unloaded, loaded 10⁵ times, and loaded 10⁶ times. The impact of clinical adjustment and grinding on the load-bearing capacity of zirconia restorations was investigated through fatigue loading tests, flexural strength tests, Weibull analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results indicated that an increase in the adjustment and grinding rotational speed enhanced the load-bearing capacity of the specimens but had an insignificant impact on their strength. An increase in the number of fatigue loading cycles reduced both the load-bearing capacity and strength of the specimens. In terms of the material's surface condition, the adjusted and ground material exhibited abrasive wear, and after cyclic loading, micro-cracks and flake-like spalling were observed on the specimen surface. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the diffraction results of the specimens were predominantly tetragonal phase, suggesting that adjustment and grinding can remove surface defects from the zirconia restoration material, improving its mechanical properties and load-bearing capacity. In contrast, repeated fatigue loading can induce micro-damage or cracks within the zirconia restoration, reducing its strength. The findings of this study assist dental practitioners in rationally selecting adjustment and grinding parameters and fatigue loading cycles, optimizing the clinical application of zirconia restorations, and enhancing the effectiveness of dental restoration treatments and the long-term stability of the restorations. This study provides crucial guidance for the clinical application of zirconia restorations, aiding in the optimization of adjustment and grinding process parameters and the balancing of adjustment and grinding effects with potential risks, thereby improving the effectiveness of dental restoration treatments and the long-term stability of the restorations.

The frame of a mining truck is usually composed of a large number of complex geometric structures, including beams, plates, connectors, etc. These structures have different shapes and sizes, and their geometric features need to be accurately reproduced during modeling, which puts high demands on the force distribution and numerical simulation of the elements. Therefore, a numerical simulation analysis method for the complex structural stress of the metal bearing frame of mining vehicles is proposed. In depth analysis of the mechanical characteristics of actual mining vehicle metal bearing frames, construction of balance equations for mining vehicle operation process and mechanical equations for three different working conditions of mining vehicle linear operation, braking operation, and turning operation, construction of finite element analysis model for mining vehicle metal bearing frames, division of structurally complex mining vehicle metal bearing frames into several finite elements for node and finite element element force and displacement analysis, combined with all finite element analysis results, to achieve numerical simulation analysis of the overall force of mining vehicle metal bearing frames. Through experimental verification, this method can present stress distribution data of metal bearing frames under different working conditions, and is highly consistent with actual results. Through experimental analysis, the maximum stress and maximum deformation of the metal bearing frame, as well as the safety factor under this operating state, can be obtained. Potential problems in the frame structure can be identified, thereby promoting the optimization and development of metal bearing frame design for mining vehicles.

The effects of activation process, Ni-P alloy bath pH, current density, plating thickness and Ni content in Ni-P alloy bath on the appearance and properties of Ni-P alloy pre plating on Nd-Fe-B materials were studied, and the optimal process parameters were determined. The neodymium iron boron material after mechanical processing was selected. Firstly, a layer of nickel phosphorus alloy was pre plated under different process conditions, and then copper and nickel layers were electroplated on this basis. The morphology and thickness of the coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray analyzer. The corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by salt spray test, and the surface roughness of the coating was studied by roughometer. The optimal plating process parameters are as follows: activation with 2% sulfuric acid, bath pH of 9.5~10.5, current density of 0.25~0.35 A/dm², nickel content of 6~9 g/L, and coating thickness of more than 1.5 μ m. the salt spray test of the obtained coating can reach 96 h. In this process, nickel phosphorus alloy coating is used as the pre coating of NdFeB material, which significantly improves the overall corrosion resistance of the coating on the premise of maintaining the structure of the outer coating, and provides a reliable guarantee for the application of NdFeB material in harsh environment.

To address the nonlinearity, time-varying nature, and uncertainty in pressure control of plastic hot press machines, a higher-order differential feedback control strategy incorporating FUZZY mathematical algorithms is proposed to enhance the molding quality and process stability of plastic products. By mathematically formalizing fuzzy logic, the system state is discretized into fuzzy sets to capture subtle variations in heat conduction, mechanical structure, and environmental parameters, thereby suppressing pressure signal uncertainty. The designed higher-order controller utilizes higher-order derivative information to reduce sensitivity to rapid pressure fluctuations, minimizing overshoot and oscillations. Defuzzification techniques convert fuzzy outputs into precise control signals, with stan-dard deviation serving as the feedback parameter for optimized control, thereby reducing profile density variations. Experimental validation demonstrates significantly improved profile density uniformity, with average density values closely approaching the preset final density target. Through mathematical modeling and refined regulation, the proposed feedback control method effectively addresses complex pressure control challenges in plastic hot presses. It achieves efficient suppression of profile density fluctuation differences, enhancing the processing quality and process stability of plastic products.

The surface coating of robotic arms in the power industry must have good insulation performance, block electron transfer, and prevent current leakage and electric shock accidents. Therefore, the preparation and insulation performance analysis of titanium aluminum alloy surface coating for robotic arms were carried out. Using TA15 titanium aluminum alloy as the substrate and titanium aluminum alloy powder as the coating material, a surface coating of titanium aluminum alloy for a robotic arm was prepared by laser cladding method with argon gas as the protective gas and synchronous powder feeding method. The performance of the coating was comprehensively analyzed by microhardness test, friction resistance test, flexural insulation performance test and high temperature insulation performance test to verify the insulation performance of the prepared titanium aluminum alloy surface coating for mechanical arm. The results showed that under the conditions of laser power of 1 100 W and scanning speed of 15 mm/s, the hardness of the prepared coating was the highest, reaching 800HV. After 1 hour of friction testing, the friction coefficient of the coating decreased from 0.83 to 0.68. This helps prevent coating peeling or cracking, thereby maintaining the insulation performance of the coating stable. Meanwhile, the coating was repeatedly bent on the copper rod 7 times without any breakdown issues, indicating that the coating has certain flexural insulation properties; When the temperature reaches 200-360 ℃, the insulation performance of the coating is good. When the temperature reaches 370 ℃, the coating begins to fail and breakdown occurs, indicating that it has high insulation performance under conditions below 360 ℃. This indicates that the coating prepared in this article has excellent insulation performance and can provide strong technical support for the practical application of robotic arms in the power industry.

Tb-Dy-Fe alloys, with their exceptional magnetostrictive properties, have been widely applied in transdu-cers, actuators, sensors, and other smart devices. However, the relatively low electrical resistivity (60 μΩ·cm) of these alloys leads to severe eddy current losses under alternating magnetic fields, significantly hindering their application in high-frequency operating conditions. A systematic review was conducted on the regulatory mechanisms of different preparation techniques for the electrical resistivity and magnetostrictive properties of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys. The results indicate that powder bonding methods can increase the electrical resistivity by 4 to 10 orders of magnitude and reduce eddy current losses by 70% to 96%, albeit with some degradation in magnetostrictive performance. The alloying method can increase the resistivity to 100-160 μΩ·cm, while still maintaining the magnetostrictive properties well. The mechanical cutting method can effectively suppress the temperature rise during the operation of the device. Future research directions may focus on developing high thermal-stability binder systems, advancing particle surface modification technologies, and achieving synergistic optimization of composition, processing, and perfor-mance, thereby promoting the development of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys toward high resistivity and high performance.

In order to evaluate the stability and durability of zirconia composite ceramics in clinical applications and ensure a strong bond between the restorative and natural teeth, this study used tetragonal zirconia ceramic (3Y-ZrO₂) was used as the matrix material, combined with different mass fraction of lanthanum phosphate (LaPO₄) and different mass fraction of stabilizer Y₂O₃ to prepare the zirconia composite ceramic 3Y-ZrO₂-LaPO₄ for oral restoration. After hydrofluoric acid treatment, the ceramic was bonded to dentin to obtain 3Y-ZrO₂-LaPO₄ bonded samples. By changing the contents of LaPO₄, Y₂O₃ and hydrofluoric acid as well as the sintering temperature, the adhesive strength and microstructure changes of the 3Y-ZrO₂-LaPO₄ bonded samples were investigated. The experimental results show that the adhesive strength of the samples increas with the increase of Y₂O₃ mass fraction from 0 to 4% but decreased slightly when the mass fraction further increased to 6%. The increase of LaPO₄ mass fraction can improve the adhesive strength of the samples, and the adhesive strength reached the maximum when the mass fraction of LaPO₄ was 35% and that of Y₂O₃ was 4%. Hydrofluoric acid treatment has a significant effect on the adhesive strength, with the best effect at the concentration of 10%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation shows that the increase of Y₂O₃ content improved the density and interfacial bonding strength of the samples, and hydrofluoric acid treatment altered the microstructure of the sample surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the sintering temperature had a significant effect on the crystal phase composition of the samples, and high temperature promoted the crystal phase transformation of zirconia.

CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy exhibits unique properties in machining processes due to its high corrosion resistance, high hardness and good wear resistance. However, the presence of Ti atoms affects the machinability of the overall material to varying degrees. Therefore, molecular dynamics simulation was employed to investigate the cutting performance of CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy by analyzing its surface morphology, cutting force and crystal structure under different cutting depths and cutting speeds. The results show that with the increase of cutting depth, the surface morphology of the material changes significantly and the plastic deformation capacity enhances. Increasing the cutting speed leads to a higher accumulation height of surface atoms and further intensifies the plastic deformation. Moreover, the increase of cutting depth destroys the face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure of the material, while the increase of cutting speed reduces the plastic deformation and promotes the atomic diffusion phenomenon. The main cutting force increases with the increase of cutting depth. Dislocation density, as a cutting indicator, exhibits significant differences under various cutting conditions. Dislocation accumulation and entanglement increase the deformation resistance of the material. The research results indicate that reasonable selection of cutting speed and depth can adjust the cutting behavior of the material to improve machining efficiency, which provides a theoretical basis for the cutting of CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy.

To enhance the mechanical properties and seismic resistance of large-section shear walls, the application effect of high-performance niobium-vanadium microalloyed steel was studied. Using raw iron, molten steel and other materials as the base, by adding niobium iron, vanadium alloys and other auxiliary materials, high-performance niobium-vanadium microalloyed steel reinforcing bars were prepared through forging and rolling processes. These reinforcing bars were applied to the welding construction of the shear wall framework and the concrete pouring was completed. Finally, a large-section shear wall specimen was constructed. The fracture mechanism and mechanical properties of the steel were analyzed, and its application effect in large-section shear walls was verified. The test results show that the heating temperature of the steel billet has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the high-performance niobium-vanadium microalloyed steel reinforcing bars. At 500-650 ℃, as the temperature increases, the plasticity of the reinforcing bars improves, and the fracture contraction rate increases; at 650-950 ℃, the cross-sectional contraction rate of the reinforcing bars rises to 98%, but at 1 250 ℃, the cross-sectional contraction rate of the reinforcing bars decreases instead. At 950 ℃, the reinforcing bar exhibits the best plastic performance, while at 1 250 ℃, the reinforcing bar shows obvious toughness fracture characteristics. The conclusion is that an appropriate heating temperature (about 950 ℃) helps to exert the best plastic performance of niobium-vanadium microalloyed steel, which is of great significance for improving the seismic performance of large-section shear walls.

Lead-containing plexiglass with excellent optical properties can meet the visualization requirements in me-dical, defense, and nuclear fields. In this study, lead-containing plexiglass was prepared via bulk casting polymerization, and the influence of the refractive index of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGxDMA, where x=200, 400 and 600) as a copolymer monomer on the optical properties of lead-containing plexiglass was investigated. The shielding performance and mechanical properties of the material were also evaluated. The research results show that lead-containing plexiglass exhibits effective shielding against X-rays; polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate compounds can enhance the optical performance of lead-containing plexiglass, and higher refractive index of PEGxDMA leads to higher transmittance and lower haze in the material. Additionally, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate compounds exert a toughening effect on lead-containing plexiglass.

Aiming at the industrial demand for replacing conventional dry sandblasting with water blasting technology, this study experimentally compares the rust removal efficiency and applicability of three commonly used abrasives, namely quartz sand, iron ore sand and copper ore sand, in water blasting treatment. The results demonstrate that quartz sand tends to agglomerate owing to its porous structure, which results in reduced equipment efficiency and uneven surface treatment; while iron ore sand increases the efficiency by 22.97% compared with quartz sand, it carries the risk of rust contamination. In contrast, copper ore sand with a particle size of 10-20 mesh (2 000-850 μm) features high hardness, regular particle morphology and excellent corrosion resistance, achieving a construction efficiency of 4.16 m²/h, which represents a 14.3% improvement over iron ore sand with no clogging issues, thus rendering it the optimal choice in terms of comprehensive cost and treatment performance. Furthermore, this study proposes the potential value of garnet as an eco-friendly alternative abrasive, providing a significant reference for abrasive selection and multi-objective optimization of the water blasting process.

The content of sulfuris an important evaluation index for the performance of rare earth sulfides.The determination of sulfur content primarily involves the barium sulfate gravimetric method, iodometric method, and high-frequency infrared absorption method.Compared to the iodometric method, the barium sulfate gravimetric method can measure sulfur content in all valence states within rare earth sulfides.In contrast to the high-frequency infrared absorption method, it enables accurate determination of higher sulfur concentrations. The sample was subjected to sodium carbonate and sodium peroxide fusion, followed by hot water leaching by the barium sulfate gravimetric method. Alkali separation was employed to remove impurity ions such as nickel and rare earth elements. The filtrate was precipitated with barium chloride under acidic conditions (pH=1-3) to form barium sulfate. After filtration, washing, and calcination at 800 ℃ until constant weight, the total sulfur content in the rare earth sulfide was calculated based on the mass of the converted barium sulfate. The proposed method was validated through experimental testing. Comparative analyses were conducted using the developed method, high-frequency infrared absorption spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for sulfur content determination in rare earth sulfide control samples. Results showed that the measured values from all three methods were essentially consistent with the reference values.